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IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Re 3rd Amended Complaint - as text
Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 05:10 AM EDT

Here's IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Memorandum in Further Opposition to SCO's Motion for Leave to File a 3rd Amended Complaint[PDF], as text. We earlier discussed this Sur-Reply here. Additional arguments were raised by both parties in the April 21 hearing on SCO's motion.

IBM in this document argues, among other things, that SCO ought not to be allowed to amend their complaint to add a claim of copyright infringement based on their allegation that IBM had no right to use SVR4 code in AIX 5L on POWER. IBM points out that SCO (and oldSCO) knew or ought to have known years ago that Project Monterey was designed to be used on POWER and that it had SVR4 code in it:

SCO knew or should have known the facts relating to its proposed copyright claim many years ago -- long before the deadline for the amendment of pleadings and even before SCO filed its original complaint. Nothing in SCO's reply papers justifies its delay in seeking to add the proposed claim

IBM presents evidence of that knowledge or of SCO's obligation to investigate, arguing that it's too late now to bring it up, when no one objected at the time or even earlier in this litigation, as in this paragraph:

The evidence makes perfectly clear that SCO knew IBM included SVR4 code in its AIX for Power product (as the parties to Project Monterey agreed IBM was permitted to do). For example, in an August 11, 2000 e-mail, John Boland of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. ("Santa Cruz"), SCO's alleged predecessor-in-interest, distributed internally a press release prepared by IBM announcing the upcoming release of AIX 5L for Power and IA-64. (See Declaration of Todd M. Shaughnessy, dated Nov. 30, 2004, "Shaughnessy Decl." Ex. 10.) The press release makes clear that AIX 5L for Power, like AIX 5L for IA-64, contained "key technologies" from "UnixWare" and "UNIX System 5 [SVR4]". (Id. at SCO1374969-70 (emphasis added).) In particular, the release noted that "[a]mong the UNIX System V technologies to be incorporated in this release is the SVR4 printing subsystem". (Id. at SCO1374970 (emphasis added).)

Further, IBM says that allowing SCO to assert its claim would be "unduly prejudicial to IBM", because it would "deny IBM its rights under the venue and limitations provisions" of the agreement that oldSCO and IBM signed, and further they say the proposed claim would complicate the case, requiring substantial additional discovery and prolonging the whole SCO v. IBM litigation. IBM has likely had enough of these proceedings. I know most of us are sick of the discovery phase and would like to see matters move forward at a snappier speed than its current glacial pace. The prejudice issue came up in the April 21st hearing, with SCO's attorney saying that IBM hadn't raised an argument of undue prejudice (page 74). IBM's attorney, on page 84, reminded the court that when he began speaking at the hearing on this motion, he said that he wouldn't be making all their arguments orally, since they had already made them in writing. This Sur-Reply, for one, makes that very argument. Just one more tricky-icky moment in the SCO v. IBM litigation. SCO's attorneys certainly can be assumed to have read this Sur-Reply, which clearly makes the argument that IBM would be prejudiced by SCO being permitted to amend its complaint.

SCO has claimed that it didn't know about IBM including SVR4 code in its AIX for Power products until recently, and offered a declaration from an employee, Jay Petersen, that he didn't know about the documents IBM brought forward until he read them in IBM's legal filings. Also, SCO argued that they aren't Santa Cruz -- *now* they tell us -- and so they can't be charged with knowing what Santa Cruz knew. They, SCO, didn't know back in the day, even if Santa Cruz did, they asserted. IBM counters:

That is wrong as a matter of law. The case law is clear that SCO is charged with what Santa Cruz knew or should have known.

I don't think we need to impute knowledge to them. In this article on Sunday, Groklaw presented evidence that executives, including the CEO, at Santa Cruz knew as far back as 1998, regardless of what Mr. Petersen did or did not know. Additionally, in the article, we showed that one of the members of the Board of Directors of SCO Group, R. Duff Thompson, was on the Board of Directors of Santa Cruz, and that attached to the Santa Cruz 10K for the year ending September 1999, was a document signed by Mr. Thompson. The 10K has a "Brief History of SCO Products" timeline, and for the year 1998, it mentions Project Monterey and says the product was designed for use on "Intel IA-32, Intel IA-64 and IBM microprocessor systems that range from entry-level servers to large enterprise environments." The 10K for the fiscal year ended September 1998 said so too.

Presumably, then-Caldera/nowSCO read the 10Ks prior to the purchase, as part of their due diligence, but even if they failed to do so, they have on their Board someone who absolutely had every reason to know that Project Monterey was designed to run on POWER. I am repeating the information because it was added as an update to that article, and some might have missed it, and because it is so powerful on the point of whether today's SCO, SCO Nouveau, as one wit on Yahoo SCOX Finance Message Board calls them, knew that Project Monterey's very purpose was to run on POWER, from the beginning of the project or if they only just learned it in discovery, as SCO is boldly claiming. Had they asked Mr. Thompson, or had he raised his hand to speak, I believe they could have learned of it any day at all since 1998, unless we are asked to believe that a member of the Board of Directors doesn't read 10Ks or knows so little about computers, despite sitting on the Board of a software company, that he has no idea what "IBM microprocessor systems" means and felt no need to inquire.

IBM also presents evidence, particularly in the footnotes, that it was public knowledge that IBM was using SVR4 code in its POWER products. Note that IBM states it isn't addressing the merits of SCO's proposed amended complaint in this document. It is merely arguing whether SCO should be allowed to file a 3rd amended complaint. If SCO is allowed to file, then IBM will deal with the merits, if that is the right word to use for a claim that seems to me so singularly lacking in that very thing.

My thanks to Janne Kalliomäki and to Vidar for doing all the work of transcribing and the HTML. Whenever I see legal filings that start with a table of contents, my heart sinks, and when I saw this one, with such a long one, I thought, "I so hope someone volunteers to transcribe this." And up popped Janne and Vidar, with it all done for us. Thank you so much.

********************************

SNELL & WILMER L.L.P.
Alan L. Sullivan (3152)
Todd M. Shaughnessy (6651)
Amy F. Sorenson (8947)
[Address, phone, fax]

CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE LLP
Evan R. Chesler (admitted pro hac vice)
David R. Marriott (7572)
[Address, phone, fax]

Attorneys for Defendant/Counterclaim-Plaintiff
International Business Machines Corporation

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH

THE SCO GROUP, INC.

Plaintiff/Counterclaim-Defendant,

v.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION,

Defendant/Counterclaim-Plaintiff.

IBM'S UNSEALED SUR-REPLY
MEMORANDUM IN FURTHER
OPPOSITION TO SCO'S MOTION FOR
LEAVE TO FILE A THIRD AMENDED
COMPLAINT
[Docket 407]

Civil No. 2:03CV0294 DAK

Honorable Dale A. Kimball

Magistrate Judge Brooke C. Wells

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Statement .................................................................................................................... 1
Argument ................................................................................................................................. 2
I. SCO'S UNDUE DELAY IN SEEKING TO AMEND ITS COMPLAINT BARS
A FINDING OF GOOD CAUSE UNDER RULE 16(b) .....................................................
2
II. SCO'S MOTION SHOULD ALSO BE DENIED UNDER RULE 15(a) ........................... 7
A. SCO's Proposed Claim Is Unduly Delayed, And Allowing SCO To Assert
It Here Would Impose Undue Prejudice On IBM ...................................................
7
B. SCO's Proposed Copyright Claim Is Futile ......................................................
9
1. Section 22.3 Is Applicable To The Proposed Claim ....................................
9
2. IBM Has Not Waived The Right To Enforce The Venue Provision .........
13
3. The Limitations Provision Bars SCO's Proposed Claim ...........................
15
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 16

i

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases
Altech Controls Corp. v. E.I.L. Instruments, Inc.,
33 F. Supp. 2d 546 (S.D. Tex. 1998) ............................................................................
6
Braintree Labs., Inc. v. Nephro-Tech, Inc.,
31 F. Supp. 2d 921 (D. Kan. 1998) ....................................................................
7, 8-9
The Bremen v. Zapata Offshore Co.,
407 U.S. 1 (1972) .......................................................................................................
14-15
Brink's Inc. v. City of New York,
528 F. Supp. 1084 (S.D.N.Y. 1981) ......................................................................
10
Cambridge Nutrition A.G. v. Fotheringham,
840 F. Supp. 299 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) ........................................................................
11
Campbell v. Bartlett,
975 F.2d 1569 (10th Cir. 1992) ..............................................................................
14
Digital Envoy, Inc. v. Google, Inc.,
319 F. Supp. 2d 1377 (N.D. Ga. 2004) ..............................................................
12
Direct Mail Prod. Servs. Ltd. v. MBNA Corp., No. 99-10550,
2000 WL 1277597 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 7, 2000) .....................................................
12
Dominion Video Satellite, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite Corp.,
269 F.3d 1149 (10th Cir. 2001) .............................................................................
14
D'Zurella v. Kansas, No. 90-3202,
930 F.2d 33, 1991 WL47101 (10th Cir. Mar. 18, 1991) ...........................................
8
Entous v. Viacom Int'l, Inc.,
151 F. Supp. 2d 1150 (C.D. Cal. 2001) .............................................................
16
Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. Warehouse No. 1, Inc., No. 89-4069,
1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13507 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 14, 1989) ........................................
10
General Motors Acceptance Corp v. Clifton-Fine Cent. Sch. Dist.,
647 N.E.2d 1329 (N.Y. 1995) .............................................................................
13
Harbor Court Assocs. v. Leo A. Daly Co.,
179 F.3d 147 (4th Cir. 1999) .....................................................................
16
Hasse v. American Photograph Corp.,
299 F.2d 666 (10th Cir. 1962) .............................................................................
14

ii

In re Indep. Servs. Orgs. Antitrust Litig.,
85 F. Supp. 2d 1130 (D. Kan. 2000) ...................................................................
15
In re Indep. Servs. Orgs. Antitrust Litig.,
114 F. Supp. 2d 1070 (D. Kan. 2000) .........................................................................
5
J T Gibbons, Inc. v. Sara Lee Corp., No. 93-4050,
1995 WL 619770 (E.D. La. Oct. 19, 1995) ........................................................
3
Jackson Jordan, Inc. v. Plasser Am. Corp.,
219 U.S.P.Q. 922 (E.D. Va. 1983) ..............................................................................
5
Jacobsen v. Deseret Book Co.,
287 F.3d 936 (10th Cir. 2002) ..................................................................................
5
Keating, v. Baskin-Robbins USA Co., No. 99-0148,
2001 IVL 407017 (E.D.N.C. Mar. 27, 2001) ...........................................................
12
Kepner-Tregoe, Inc. v. Executive Dev., Inc.,
79 F. Supp. 2d 474 (D.N.J. 1999) ...................................................................................
6
Konstant Prods. Inc. v. Frazier Indus. Co., Inc., No. 91-4491,
1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7957 (N.D. Ill. June 7, 1993) ................................
4
Kreinik v. Showbran Photo, Inc.,
2003 WL 22339268 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 14, 2003) ......................................................
8
Lowden v. Northwestern Nat'l Bank & Trust Co.,
84 F.2d 847 (8th Cir. 1936) ....................................................................................
3
McGarvey v. Citibank (N.D.) N.A., No. 95-0123,
1995 WL 404866 (N.D. Ill. July 5, 1995) ........................................................................
9
Mead v. Future Med. Publ'g. Inc., No. 98-0554,
1999 WL 1939256 (M.D.N.C. Feb. 22, 1999) ........................................................
12
Medinol Ltd. v. Boston Sci. Corp.,
346 F. Supp. 2d 575 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) .........................................................................
14
MGA, Inc. v. Centri-Spray Corp.,
639 F. Supp. 1238 (E.D. Mich. 1986). ....................................................................
4
Monsanto Co. v. McFarling,
302 F.3d 1291 (Fed. Cir. 2002) ...............................................................................
12
Nassau Trust Co. v. Montrose Concrete Prods. Corp.,
436 N.E.2d 1265 (N.Y. 1982) ........................................................................
13-14

iii

Nelson v. A.O. Smith Harvestore Prods., Inc., No. 86-4230,
1990 WL 192738 (D. Kan. Nov. 30, 1990) ................................................................
9
Oriskany Cent. Sch. Dist. v. Edmund J. Booth Architects,
206 A.D.2d 896 (N.Y. App. Div. 1994) ...............................................................
16
Ory v. McDonald,
68 U.S.P.Q.2d 1812 (C.D. Cal. 2003) ...........................................................................
4
Pearson v. Central Ill. Light Co.,
210 F.2d 352 (7th Cir. 1954) .............................................................................
6
Phelps v. Hamilton,
166 F.R.D. 489 (D. Kan. 1996) ....................................................................
7
Pickering v. USX Corp.,
758 F. Supp. 1460 (D. Utah 1990) ............................................................
9
Raymond Int'l, Inc. v. City of New York,
511 F. Supp. 773 (S.D.N.Y. 1981) ..............................................................................
10
Ripley v. Aetna Ins. Co.,
30 N.Y. 136 (N.Y. 1864) .. .......................................................................
10
Roboserve, Inc. v. Kato Kagaku Co., Ltd.,
78 F.3d 266 (7th Cir. 1996) ......................................................................
14
Robshaw v. Health Mgmt., Inc.,
98 A.D.2d 986 (N.Y. App. Div. 1983) .........................................................
11
Rockwell Int'l Corp. v. Goss Graphic Sys., Inc., No. 00-8763,
2001 WL 293818 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 27, 2001) ............................................................
12
Rogen v. Memry Corn.,
886 F. Supp. 393 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) .. ........................................................
14
Ronnen v. Ajax Elec. Motor Corp.,
671 N.E.2d 534 (N.Y. 1996) .........................................................................
10-11
Schock v. United States,
21 F. Supp. 2d 115 (D. R.I. 1998) ............................................................
6
Soot v. Gen. Elec. Co.,
681 F. Supp. 157 (S.D.N.Y. 1987) ...................................................
6
Stevens v. Northwest Ind. Dist. Council, United Bhd. of Carpenters,
20 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 1994) .......................................................
9

iv

Steward v. Up N. Plastics, Inc.,
177 F. Supp. 2d 953 (D. Minn. 2001) ..............................................
14-15
Technology Express, Inc. v. FTF Bus. Sys. Corp., No. 99-1 1692,
2000 WL 222628 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 25, 2000) ....................................................
15
Tokio Marine & Fire Ins. Co., Ltd. v. Nippon Express U.S.A., Inc.,
118 F. Supp. 2d 997 (C.D. Cal. 2000) ..............................................................
15
Turtur v. Rothschild Registry Int'l, Inc.,
26 F.3d 304 (2d Cir. 1994) .......... ..............................................
11
Wanlass v. Gen. Elec. Co.,
148 F.3d 1334 (Fed. Cir. 1998) ..................................................................
5,6
Ward Enters., Inc. v. Bang & Olufsen Am., No. 02-7640,
2004 WL 830461 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 15, 2004) ...................................................
11
Warnaco Inc. v. VF Corp.,
844 F. Supp. 940 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) .....................................................................
12
Warner & Swasey Co. v. Salvagnini Transferica S.P.A.,
633 F. Supp. 1209 (W.D.N.Y. 1986) ..........................................................
12
Weaver v. Univ. of Cincinnati,
758 F. Supp. 446 (S.D. Ohio 1991) ........................................................................
9-10
Wood v. Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, Inc.,
705 F.2d 1515 (9th Cir. 1983) ................................................................
6
YWCA v. HMC Entm't, Inc., No. 91-7943,
1992 WL 279361 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 1992) .............................................
12
Zions First Nat'l Bank v. Allen,
688 F. Supp 1495 (D. Utah 1988) .............................................................
14

Other Authorities
DUCivR 7-1(b)(3) ............................................................................................................ 9
5A Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller,
Federal Practice & Procedure 1397 (1990) ............................................
14

v

Defendant/Counterclaim-Plaintiff International Business Machines Corporation ("IBM") respectfully submits this sur-reply memorandum in further opposition to Plaintiff/Counterclaim-Defendant The SCO Group, Inc.'s ("SCO") Motion for Leave to File a Third Amended Complaint.

Preliminary Statement

SCO seeks improperly to extend and expand this case just as it should be coming to a close. SCO asks the Court to add a complicated, new claim that cannot (by contract) be brought in this Court and that SCO could seek to file in another forum without causing much of the prejudice threatened by the present motion. SCO's motion to amend should be denied for two primary reasons.

First, SCO's motion should be denied because SCO cannot establish good cause under Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for its failure to make this motion before the deadline for amending the pleadings. SCO's reply papers dismiss the documentary evidence showing that it knew of the proposed claim years ago on the grounds that it is unclear or ambiguous, and on the grounds that SCO knew nothing of the evidence in any event. As we show below, SCO's papers distort the record. There is no reasonable doubt that SCO knew of the proposed claim years ago. Moreover, even if the documentary evidence were ambiguous and SCO did not actually know of the proposed claim, it clearly should have known of the claim. At a minimum, SCO was on inquiry notice, based upon the public record and the documents in SCO's own files, of a claim it failed to investigate. Having failed to investigate the proposed claim, SCO cannot establish good cause to bring it at this late date in this litigation. (See Section I below.)

Second, SCO's motion should be denied under Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure because (1) it is unduly delayed; (2) adding the proposed claim would be unduly prejudicial to IBM; (3) denying the motion would result in no prejudice to SCO as it could seek

1

to bring the claim in another forum; and (4) the proposed claim is futile insofar as it is barred by contractual venue and limitations provisions. SCO's reply papers raise new and contradictory arguments that, in the end, fail to support its motion for leave to amend. (See Section II below.)

While the proposed claim is demonstrably without merit, we do not dwell on its shortcomings here. Despite SCO's invitation, the Court cannot resolve the claim on the merits in deciding this motion. The primary issue here is whether SCO should be allowed to amend its complaint to add a claim that will complicate and delay an already complicated case, where that claim could be - indeed, by contract, must be - asserted in a New York forum and there would be no prejudice to SCO in requiring it to assert the claim there.

Argument

I. SCO'S UNDUE DELAY IN SEEKING TO AMEND ITS COMPLAINT BARS A
FINDING OF GOOD CAUSE UNDER RULE 16(b).

As explained in IBM's opposition papers, SCO knew or should have known the facts relating to its proposed copyright claim many years ago - long before the deadline for the amendment of pleadings and even before SCO filed its original complaint. Nothing in SCO's reply papers justifies its delay in seeking to add the proposed claim. Nor does anything in SCO's reply papers establish the good cause necessary for it to prevail on this motion.

SCO relies on two primary arguments to explain away its delay in seeking to bring the proposed claim. First, SCO dismisses the evidence that it knew of the proposed claim years ago on the grounds that the evidence is unclear or ambiguous. 1 There is nothing unclear or

2

ambiguous about the evidence submitted with IBM's opposition brief, much of which comes right out of SCO's files and/or was produced by it in this litigation. The evidence makes perfectly clear that SCO knew IBM included SVR4 code in its AIX for Power product (as the parties to Project Monterey agreed IBM was permitted to do). For example, in an August 11, 2000 e-mail, John Boland of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. ("Santa Cruz"), SCO's alleged predecessor-in-interest, distributed internally a press release prepared by IBM announcing the upcoming release of AIX 5L for Power and IA-64. (See Declaration of Todd M. Shaughnessy, dated Nov. 30, 2004, "Shaughnessy Decl." Ex. 10.) The press release makes clear that AIX 5L for Power, like AIX 5L for IA-64, contained "key technologies" from "UnixWare" and "UNIX System 5 [SVR4]". (Id. at SCO1374969-70 (emphasis added).) In particular, the release noted that "[a]mong the UNIX System V technologies to be incorporated in this release is the SVR4 printing subsystem". (Id. at SCO1374970 (emphasis added).) 2

Second, SCO contends that even if the documentary evidence showed that IBM included SVR4 code in its AIX for Power product, SCO did not know about it. (See SCO Reply Br. at 8.) SCO relies primarily on the declaration of Jay Petersen, a SCO employee who says that he personally did not know about the documents, at least until he read about them in IBM's opposition brief. (See Petersen Decl. ¶¶ 11, 12.) As an initial matter, Mr. Petersen cannot testify as to what SCO or Santa Cruz did not know; he can properly speak only to what he knew. 3 Further, whether Mr. Petersen personally knew of the documents says nothing about whether

3

SCO knew about IBM's use of SVR4 code in the AIX for Power product. Mr. Petersen's lack of knowledge in no way undermines the force of the documents (submitted with IBM's opposition brief) showing that others at SCO knew that IBM included SVR4 code in the AIX for Power product. 4

Recognizing that Santa Cruz knew that AIX for Power included SVR4 code, SCO states that it cannot be charged with the knowledge of Santa Cruz. (See SCO Reply Br. at 7 (stating that many of the documents were "from the files of [Santa Cruz], [] which SCO did not see at the time").) That is wrong as a matter of law. The case law is clear that SCO is charged with what Santa Cruz knew or should have known. See, e.g., Ory v. McDonald, 68 U.S.P.Q. 2d 1812, 1817 (C.D. Cal. 2003) (stating that "a successor-in-interest is charged with the knowledge and dilatory conduct of its predecessors" (internal quotation omitted)); Konstant Prods. Inc. v. Frazier Indus. Co., Inc., No. 91-4491, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7957, at *47 (N.D. Ill. June 7, 1993) (ruling that defendant was "charged with the knowledge of [its predecessor-in-interest] and the consequences of his dilatory conduct") (attached as Exhibit B); MGA, Inc. v. Centri-Spray Corp., 639 F. Supp. 1238, 1242 (E.D. Mich. 1986) (finding that successor-in-interest is charged with "consequences of [predecessor-in-interest's] knowledge and dilatory conduct").

Even if (contrary to fact) the information in the public domain and SCO's own files was ambiguous and SCO did not know that the AIX for Power product included SVR4 code, the

4

proposed amendment is unduly delayed and SCO's motion should be denied. SCO does not dispute that IBM's use of SVR4 code in the AIX for Power product has long been a matter of public record (whether or not SCO had actual knowledge of it); nor does SCO dispute that the documents in its own files were at least ambiguous as to whether the AIX for Power product included SVR4 code. 5 These facts are fatal to SCO's motion.

Contrary to SCO's contention, both the public record (including IBM's marketing of the AIX for Power product as including SVR4 code) and the documents in SCO's files (even if ambiguous) triggered a duty to investigate IBM's use of SVR4 code in its AIX for Power product. 6 See Wanlass v. Gen. Elec. Co., 148 F.3d 1334, 1338 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (finding that "sales, marketing, publication, or public use of a product similar to or embodying technology

5

similar to the patented invention, or published descriptions of the defendant's potentially infringing activities, give rise to a duty to investigate"); Kepner-Tregoe, Inc. v. Executive Dev., Inc., 79 F. Supp. 2d 474, 488 (D.N.J. 1999) (finding that plaintiff reasonably should have discovered alleged infringement where defendant "published, promoted, and sold its materials in the public domain . . . especially in light of the fact that the two companies competed within a highly specialized service industry" because reasonable copyright holder, "motivated by his interest in recovering for and preventing infringement, keeps abreast of the activities of those in his field of endeavor"). 7

A party that fails to comply with its duty to investigate "is charged with knowledge of facts constituting infringement which could have been discovered in the exercise of reasonable diligence." Soot v. Gen. Elec. Co., 681 F. Supp. 157, 166 (S.D.N.Y. 1987); see Wanlass, 148 F.3d at 1338 (finding that "constructive knowledge of the infringement may be imputed to the patentee even where he has no actual knowledge of the sales, marketing, publication, public use, or other conspicuous activities of potential infringement if these activities are sufficiently prevalent in the inventor's field of endeavor"); Wood v. Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, Inc., 705 F.2d 1515, 1521 (9th Cir. 1983) (finding that "equity will impute to a litigant knowledge of facts that would have been revealed by reasonably required further investigation"). Even if SCO did not have actual knowledge of the conduct underlying the proposed claim, it

6

would have known about it if it had properly discharged its duty to investigate. Having failed to exercise reasonable diligence, SCO cannot establish good cause for its delay in bringing the proposed claim.

II. SCO'S MOTION SHOULD ALSO BE DENIED UNDER RULE 15(A).

A. SCO's Proposed Claim Is Unduly Delayed, And Allowing SCO To Assert It Here
Would Impose Undue Prejudice On IBM.

As stated in IBM's opposition brief (and discussed above), SCO knew or should have known of the alleged infringement many years ago and in any case before it commenced this action and before the deadline for amending pleadings. Allowing SCO to assert its proposed claim would be unduly prejudicial to IBM. Putting aside the fact that allowing the claim to proceed in Utah would deny IBM its rights under the venue and limitations provisions of the JDA (discussed below), the proposed claim would complicate this case, require substantial additional discovery and significantly prolong these proceedings.

SCO's reply papers do not undertake to show that denial of SCO's motion would result in prejudice to SCO. It would not. Denial of SCO's motion would not be an adjudication on the merits and would therefore be without prejudice to SCO's right to seek to assert the proposed claim in an appropriate forum in New York (as required by the JDA). See Braintree Labs., Inc. v. Nephro-Tech, Inc., 31 F. Supp. 2d 921, 924 (D. Kan. 1998) (denying motion to amend complaint, noting that plaintiff failed to "identify what, if any, harm will result if it is required to commence a separate action"); Phelps v. Hamilton, 166 F.R.D. 489, 492 (D. Kan. 1996) (denying motion to amend complaint, stating that plaintiff may raise its proposed claim "by filing a new complaint").

The only arguments offered by SCO to show that the proposed amended complaint would not be prejudicial to IBM are unavailing. First, SCO contends that IBM would not be prejudiced by the addition of the proposed claim on the grounds that IBM's Ninth Counterclaim

7

"encompasses SCO's copyright claim". (SCO Reply Br. at 13.) As we have repeatedly advised SCO, however, IBM's Ninth Counterclaim was not intended to and does not encompass SCO's proposed claim. 8 Even if (contrary to IBM's intent) the Ninth Counterclaim could be construed as SCO suggests, IBM has stipulated to the limited scope of the claim and submitted a proposed order to that effect.

Second, SCO does not dispute that its proposed claim would require additional discovery. 9 Rather, it contends that the need for additional discovery is not an adequate basis for a finding of prejudice. 10 (See SCO Reply Br. at 14.) The law is clear, however, that the need for additional discovery can cause prejudice sufficient to justify denial of a motion to amend, as is the case here. See, e.g., D'Zurella v. Kansas, No. 90-3202, 930 F.2d 33, 1991 WL 47101, at **1 (10th Cir. Mar. 18, 1991) (Table) (identifying "prejudice to defendants from the need to undertake additional discovery" as part of rationale for affirming denial of motion to amend complaint) (attached as Exhibit C); Braintree Labs., 31 F. Supp. 2d at 923-24 (finding undue prejudice where allowing additional claim "would necessitate additional discovery previously

8

uncontemplated by defendants"); Nelson v. A.O. Smith Harvestore Prods., Inc., No. 86-4230, 1990 WL 192738, at *2 (D. Kan. Nov. 30, 1990) (finding that "additional discovery or preparation which would be required as a result of the belated addition of new claims is recognized as a source of prejudice justifying denial of a motion to amend") (attached as Exhibit D).

B. SCO's Proposed Copyright Claim Is Futile.

In its opening brief, SCO acknowledged that Section 22.3 of the JDA, which includes venue and limitations restrictions, applies to its proposed claim. (SCO Mem. at 5.) SCO argued only that IBM had waived the right to enforce Section 22.3 by asserting its Ninth Counterclaim. For the first time in its reply brief, SCO argues (contrary to its prior position) that Section 22.3 is inapplicable and that IBM waived the right to enforce the venue provision by failing to raise "the 'defense of improper venue' in its responsive pleading." (SCO Reply Br. at 16.) These arguments are unavailing.

1. Section 22.3 Is Applicable To The Proposed Claim.

As an initial matter, courts generally refuse to consider arguments raised in a reply brief that either are raised for the first time in the reply or reflect a change in position from that stated in the party's opening brief. See DUCivR 7-l(b)(3) (stating that "reply memorandum must be limited to rebuttal of matters raised in the memorandum opposing the motion"); Pickering v. USX Corp., 758 F. Supp. 1460, 1461 n.2 (D. Utah 1990) (refusing to rule on argument raised for first time in reply memorandum); Stevens v. Northwest Ind. Dist. Council, United Bhd. of Carpenters, 20 F.3d 720, 728 n.18 (7th Cir. 1994) (finding argument in reply brief to be waived where party "change[d] their approach in their reply brief'). 11 The Court should decline to

9

consider SCO's argument that Section 22.3 is inapplicable because SCO not only raised the argument for the first time in its reply brief but the argument also reflects a change of position by SCO.

Even if SCO had not conceded the applicability of Section 22.3 in its opening brief, Section 22.3 plainly applies to the proposed claim. Section 22.3 expressly governs "[a]ny legal or other action related to a breach of this Agreement". (Shaughnessy Decl. Ex. 1 §22.3.) The copyright claim that SCO seeks to add is plainly a legal claim "related to [an alleged] breach" of the JDA. Not only is the "related to a breach" language broad enough to encompass SCO's claim for copyright infringement, but also the JDA expressly contemplates copyright claims arising under the JDA. 12

In arguing that Section 22.3 does not apply, SCO reads language out of the clause "any legal or other action related to a breach of this Agreement" and pretends the clause refers only to a claim for breach of contract. 13 (SCO Reply Br. at 15.) Contrary to SCO's approach, the law requires that a contract be construed to give meaning to all of its terms. See, e.g., Ronnen v.

10

Ajax Elec. Motor Corp., 671 N.E.2d 534, 536 (N.Y. 1996); Robshaw v. Health Mqmt., Inc., 98 A.D.2d 986, 986 (N.Y. App. Div. 1983).

Moreover, SCO's new argument ignores both its proposed pleading and its opening brief in connection with this motion, which make clear that the proposed copyright claim is a legal claim "related to a breach" of the JDA. SCO alleges that IBM infringed SCO's purported copyrights by exceeding the scope of its rights under, and thereby breaching, the JDA. For example, in its proposed complaint, SCO states that "IBM converted SCO's copyrighted code for IBM's own use, in violation of the specific restrictions of the parties' Joint Development Agreement". (Third Am. Compl. ¶ 217 (emphasis added).) In its opening brief, SCO states that IBM "ignored the [JDA's] restrictions on its use of SCO's SVR4 code" and released an Itanium product that "did not satisfy the conditions of a 'Product Release'" under the Project Monterey agreements. (SCO Mem. at 10, 12.)

Courts have construed language comparable to the "related to" language at issue here to include non-contract claims such as SCO's proposed copyright claim. 14 See. e.g., Turtur v. Rothschild Registry Int'l, Inc., 26 F.3d 304, 309-10 (2d Cir. 1994) (holding "arising out of or relating to" language to apply to tort as well as contract claims); Ward Enters., Inc. v. Bang & Olufsen Am., No. 02-7640, 2004 WL 830461, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 15, 2004) (finding that "the scope of 'relating to' language is broad and is intended to cover a much wider scope of disputes, not just those arising under the agreement itself' (internal quotation omitted)) (attached as Exhibit G); Cambridge Nutrition A.G. v. Fotheringham, 840 F. Supp. 299, 300-02 (S.D.N.Y.

11

1994) (applying forum selection clause referring to "any claim, dispute or controversy relating to this Agreement" to tort claim for unfair competition). 15

In fact, courts have construed more restrictive language to include non-contract claims such as SCO's proposed copyright claim. See. e.g., Monsanto Co. v. McFarling, 302 F.3d 1291, 1294-96 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (holding patent claims were subject to forum selection clause applicable to "all disputes arising under" contract); Rockwell Int'l Com. v. Goss Graphic Sys., Inc., No. 00-8763, 2001 WL 293818, at *1-2 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 27, 2001) (applying forum selection clause using "arising out of this Agreement" language to copyright claim because resolution of claims "relate to the interpretation of the Agreement") (attached as Exhibit J); Warner & Swasey Co. v. Salvagnini Transferica S.p.A., 633 F. Supp. 1209, 1211-12 (W.D.N.Y. 1986) (finding "on the basis of an alleged breach" language in forum selection clause applicable to claim for patent infringement). 16

12

2. IBM Has Not Waived The Right To Enforce The Venue Provision.

Recognizing that Section 22.3 applies, SCO contends that IBM has waived its right to enforce the venue provision. SCO argues, for the first time in its reply brief, that IBM has waived the right to enforce the venue provision on the grounds that IBM did not raise the "'defense of improper venue' in its responsive pleading". (SCO Reply Br. at 16.)

Putting aside the fact that SCO raises this argument for the first time in its reply brief, which (as discussed above) is by itself fatal, IBM has not yet filed its responsive pleading since the proposed complaint has not been filed. Moreover, IBM has in fact asserted a defense of improper venue in each of its answers to each of SCO's complaints:

  • IBM's answer to SCO's original complaint, filed on April 30, 2003, stated in its seventh affirmative defense: "[SCO's] claims are improperly venued in this district". (Docket No. 13, at 15.)
  • IBM's amended answer to SCO's original complaint, filed on May 20, 2003, included a ninth affirmative defense, which stated: "[SCO's] claims are improperly venued in this district". (Docket No. 15, at 17.)
  • IBM's answer to SCO's amended complaint, filed on August 6, 2003, stated in its ninth affirmative defense: "SCO's claims are improperly venued in this district". (Docket No. 27, at 17.)
  • IBM's answer to SCO's second amended complaint, filed on March 26, 2004, included an eighth affirmative defense, which stated: "SCO's claims are improperly venued in this district". (Docket No. 126, at 23.)

SCO's reply papers also reiterate its argument that IBM has waived the right to enforce the venue provision by asserting its Ninth Counterclaim. (See SCO Reply Br. at 17.) As discussed above, however, IBM's Ninth Counterclaim is not seeking the declaration SCO imagines, and IBM stipulated to the narrow scope of the claim. Moreover, to establish a waiver of the venue provision, SCO must show "the voluntary and intentional abandonment of a known right". General Motors Acceptance Corp. v. Clifton-Fine Cent. Sch. Dist., 647 N.E.2d 1329, 1331 (N.Y 1995); accord Nassau Trust Co. v. Montrose Concrete Prods. Corp., 436 N.E.2d 1265, 1269-70

13

(N.Y. 1982). The mere assertion of a counterclaim does not preclude a party from asserting a forum selection clause. 17 That is especially so here, where Section 22.11 of the JDA states unambiguously that "[n]o . . . waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective unless it is set forth in a writing which refers to the provisions so affected and is signed by an authorized representative of each Party." 18 (Shaughnessy Decl. Ex. 1 §22.11.) IBM has never executed such a writing setting forth its intention to waive Section 22.3 of the JDA, and thus cannot be held to have waived its rights under that provision. 19

Finally, SCO claims that "the interests of judicial economy in favor of pending litigation can override a forum-selection clause". (SCO Reply Br. at 17.) To avoid application of the forum selection clause, SCO, at a minimum, had to show, but failed to show, that requiring it "to proceed in the selected forum will be so gravely difficult and inconvenient that the clause, for all practical purposes, will deprive the moving party of his or her day in court." Zions First Nat'l Bank v. Allen, 688 F. Supp 1495, 1498 (D. Utah 1988) (citing The Bremen v. Zapata Offshore

14

Co., 407 U.S. 1, 15 (1972)). Courts have held interests-of-judicial-economy arguments like that offered by SCO insufficient to overcome a forum selection clause. See Technology Express, Inc. v. FTF Bus. Sys. Corp., 99-11692, 2000 WL 222628, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 25, 2000) (applying forum selection clause in spite of defendant's argument that application would result in inconvenience of litigating related matters in multiple forums) (attached as Exhibit M); Tokio Marine & Fire Ins. Co., Ltd. v. Nippon Express U.S.A. (Illinois), Inc., 118 F. Supp. 2d 997, 1000 (C.D. Cal. 2000) (holding that "potential for duplicative litigation . . . does not outweigh the strong policy favoring enforcement of forum selection clauses"). 20

3. The Limitations Provision Bars SCO's Proposed Claim.

SCO contends that the limitations provision is no impediment to its claims because its claim did not accrue until 2004, when SCO claims it first learned of IBM's infringement. (See SCO Reply Br. at 15-16.) As SCO acknowledges, however, a copyright claim accrues when the alleged copyright holder "knows or reasonably should have known of the infringement". (SCO Reply Br. at 15 (quoting In re Indep. Servs. Orgs. Antitrust Litig., 85 F. Supp. 2d 1130, 1174 (D. Kan. 2000)).) As is discussed above, SCO clearly knew or should have known of the alleged infringement more than two years before it commenced this action. Thus, the limitations provision bars the proposed claim.

As a fallback position, SCO argues that "the principle of continuing infringement" should govern SCO's copyright claim. (SCO Reply Br. at 16.) As SCO acknowledges, however, that doctrine has not been recognized in the Tenth Circuit. (See SCO Reply Br. at 16.) And even if it

15

applied in the Tenth Circuit, the doctrine could not properly be used to negate the terms of the JDA. See Oriskany Cent. Sch. Dist. v. Edmund J. Booth Architects, 206 A.D.2d 896, 897 (N.Y. App. Div. 1994) (ruling that contract provision prescribing "when the period of limitations will commence . . . will govern in the absence of duress, fraud or misrepresentation" (citations omitted)); Harbor Court Assocs. v. Leo A. Daly Co., 179 F.3d 147, 151 (4th Cir. 1999) (finding contractual accrual provision valid and applicable, noting that "the only courts to consider a contractual accrual date provision have all enforced it" (citing cases)); Entous v. Viacom Int'l, Inc., 151 F. Supp. 2d 1150, 1156 (C.D. Cal. 2001) (finding that contractual accrual rule preempted application of Copyright Act's accrual rules). The JDA clearly imposes a two-year limitations period; it does not recognize a "continuing infringement" exception.

Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, IBM respectfully requests that the Court limit this case to the claims and counterclaims that were timely pled and allow this case to proceed toward resolution by denying SCO's Motion for Leave to File a Third Amended Complaint.

DATED this 18th day of February, 2005.

SNELL & WILMER L.L.P.

_(signature)_
Alan L. Sullivan
Todd M. Shaughnessy
Amy F. Sorenson

CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE LLP
Evan R. Chesler
David R. Maniott

Attorneys for Defendant/Counterclaim-Plaintiff
International Business Machines Corporation

16

Of counsel:

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
MACHINES CORPORATION
Donald J. Rosenberg
Alec S. Berman
[address, phone]

Attorneys for Defendant/Counterclaim-Plaintiff
International Business Machines Corporation

17

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that on the 18th day of February, 2005, a true and correct copy of the foregoing was sent by U.S. Mail, postage prepaid, to the following:

Brent O. Hatch
Mark F. James
HATCH, JAMES & DODGE, P.C.
[address]

Stephen N. Zack
Mark J. Heise
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP
[address]

Robert Silver
Edward Normand
Sean Eskovitz
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP
[address]

_(signature)_

18

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that on the _(4th)_ day of May, 2005, a true and correct copy of the foregoing was sent by U.S. Mail, postage prepaid, to the following:

Brent O. Hatch
Mark F. James
HATCH, JAMES & DODGE, P.C.
[address]

Stephen N. Zack
Mark J. Heise
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP
[address]

Robert Silver
Edward Normand
Sean Eskovitz
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP
[address]

_(signature)_

19


1 Specifically, SCO argues that (1) references to AIX 5L in many of the documents were ambiguous as to whether the document was referring to AIX 5L for Itanium (for which product SCO concedes IBM had a license to use SVR4 code) or AIX for Power; and (2) references in many of the documents to "System V" were ambiguous because it is a generic term which could have been referring to System V Release 3 (for which SCO concedes IBM had a license), rather than System V Release 4. (See SCO Reply Br. at 8-9.) The argument is baseless. Putting aside SCO's sophisticated knowledge, as an alleged successor of a partner in Project Monterey and alleged owner of UNIX, of AIX 5L and System V, each of the documents submitted with IBM's opposition brief expressly references (generally multiple times) both the fact that AIX 5L operated on IBM's Power processor and the fact that it contained System V Release 4 (SVR4) code.

2 Similarly, an August 2000 report prepared by IDC on the beta release of AIX 5L "for Power Architecture systems" lists the "Unix SVR4 printing subsystem" as one of the features included in the AIX 5L beta release. (Shaughnessy Decl. Ex. 13 at SCO1294139-40 (emphasis added).)

3 See, e.g., Lowden v. Northwestern Nat'l Bank & Trust Co., 84 F.2d 847, 853 (8th Cir. 1936) (finding that bank employee "could not . . . testify as to what other officers of the bank knew or did not know"); J T Gibbons, Inc. v. Sara Lee Corn., No. 93-4050, 1995 WL 619770, at *4 (E.D La. Oct. 19, 1995) (finding that affiant is "unable to competently testify as to what another person . . . knew, did not know, or should have known") (attached as Exhibit A).

4 To further support the proposition that SCO did not know that IBM included code from SVR4 in the AIX for Power product, Mr. Petersen states that "SCO was neither an IBM support provider nor have [sic] any IBM hardware or software for which it needed support" and therefore had no reason to see the industry reports or product guides that describe AIX. (Petersen Decl. ? 14.) This is a frivolous assertion. IBM licensed code from AIX to Santa Cruz as part of Project Monterey, and SCO purports to have acquired Santa Cruz's rights. Whether or not Santa Cruz or SCO supported IBM hardware or software, Santa Cruz was IBM's partner in Project Monterey and marketed products in competition with AIX (as did SCO). Moreover, SCO cannot credibly contend that it had no reason to see industry reports or product guides that describe AIX when it was not only an industry participant but IBM's partner in the development of AIX 5L, produced product information and industry reports about AIX 5L in this litigation, and at least co-sponsored a website describing AIX for Power. (See, e.g., Shaughnessy Decl. Ex. 10, 11, 13.)

5 Instead, SCO argues that it was "reasonably entitled to believe" that IBM would not use SVR4 code in its AIX for Power product and that SCO did not have a duty to investigate whether IBM had done so. SCO seeks to buttress this argument with the fact that IBM did not execute a proposed Supplement C to the JDA, which according to SCO would have given IBM a license to use SVR4 code in the AIX for Power product. (See SCO Reply Br. at 10.) As an initial matter, whether or not IBM executed the proposed Supplement C is irrelevant to whether it had a license. IBM had a license to use SVR4 code in the AIX for Power product entirely independent of proposed Supplement C. In any event, the significance, if any, of IBM's not signing proposed Supplement C concerns the merits of SCO's proposed claim, not whether the claim can properly be added to this case, and thus is immaterial to this motion. Moreover, whatever the significance of proposed Supplement C, the fact remains, as discussed herein, that SCO knew or should have known, based on the documentary evidence alone, that IBM included SVR4 code in the AIX for Power product.

The only case on which SCO relies to support the argument, In re Indep. Serv. Orgs. Antitrust Litig., 114 F. Supp. 2d 1070 (D. Kan. 2000), is inapposite. The court in that case stated only that "[c]opyright holders should not be forced to conduct investigations every time they exercise their right to refuse to license a copyrighted product." Id. at 1112. The court did not hold that copyright holders should never be required to conduct investigations. The law clearly imposes a duty to investigate. SCO's duty to investigate here is not based on the fact that IBM did not sign proposed Supplement C; rather, it is based on the documentary evidence.

6 SCO cites two cases for the proposition that it did not have a "duty to investigate" potential infringement. (See SCO Reply Br. at 6-7.) Not only do these cases not support SCO's proposition, they stand for the opposite proposition, i.e., where, as here, a copyright holder possesses evidence of the alleged infringement, it does in fact have a duty to investigate. See Jacobsen v. Deseret Book Co., 287 F.3d 936, 950 (10th Cir. 2002) (finding that copyright holder must "exercise reasonable diligence in protecting his rights" (internal quotation omitted)); Jackson Jordan, Inc. v. Plasser Am. Corp., 219 U.S.P.Q. 922,926 (E.D. Va. 1983) (stating that "it is well settled that a patent holder is charged with a duty of diligent inquiry").

7 See also Altech Controls Corp. v. E.I.L. Instruments, Inc., 33 F. Supp. 2d 546, 551-52 (S.D. Tex. 1998) (finding that "in view of the prior [business] relationship between the parties and the limited size of the industry, and evidence that Plaintiffs were aware of [defendant's] alleged infringing products, if that awareness was not actual knowledge, but merely constructive knowledge, . . . Plaintiffs had a duty to investigate"); Pearson v. Central Ill. Light Co., 210 F.2d 352, 356-57 (7th Cir. 1954) (ruling that plaintiff is charged with "such knowledge as he might have obtained upon inquiry, provided the facts already known by him were such as to put upon a man of ordinary intelligence the duty of inquiry" (internal quotation omitted)); Schock v. United States, 21 F. Supp. 2d 115, 119-20 (D.R.I. 1998) (finding that a plaintiff assumes a "duty to investigate where there was some warning that there might have been an injury" and that the "triggering warning need not alert the plaintiff to both injury and cause, but it must suggest that something is wrong" (emphasis added)).

8 IBM'S Ninth Counterclaim seeks only a declaration that IBM's continued distribution of its AIX product, after SCO's purported termination of IBM's AT&T Unix License, does not infringe SCO's alleged copyrights. The counterclaim does not seek a declaration that IBM's use in its AIX for Power product of code from Project Monterey does not infringe SCO's alleged copyrights. IBM had no reason to seek such a declaration at the time it asserted its Ninth Counterclaim; SCO had not then alleged that the inclusion of Project Monterey code in the AIX for Power product infringes SCO's alleged copyrights.

9 SCO impliedly acknowledges that the proposed claim would require additional discovery when it states that "prosecution of SCO's proposed claim would require the presentation of substantially the same evidence that SCO would adduce in order to defend against IBM's Ninth Counterclaim". (SCO Reply Br. at 13 (emphasis added).)

10 The only case cited by SCO, Kreinik v. Showbran Photo, Inc., No. 02-1172, 2003 WL 22339268 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 14, 2003), does not stand for this proposition. In Kreinik, the court expressly identified "whether the assertion of the new claim would . . . require the opponent to expend significant additional resources to conduct discovery and prepare for trial" as a factor evidencing undue prejudice. Id. at *10. Further, that case is inapposite because the court found that the additional claims sought to be added would neither require "substantial additional discovery" nor "call for a great expenditure of resources or significantly prolong the dispute." Id.

11 See also McGarvey v. Citibank (N.D.) N.A., No. 95-0123, 1995 WL 404866, at *4 (N.D. Ill. July 5, 1995) (stating that plaintiffs "attempt to change the definition [of a key term] in his reply is unacceptable" and refusing to consider the modified argument) (attached as Exhibit E); Weaver v. Univ. of Cincinnati, 758 F. Supp. 446, 450 n.2 (S.D. Ohio 1991) (stating that court would "address only the merits of defendants' original contention" where defendants "shift[ed] their argument" in their reply brief).

12 Although Section 22.3 does not expressly mention a claim for copyright infringement, Section 20.1 expressly excepts claims for copyright infringement from the $5 million limitation on liability for actual damages. (See Shaughnessy Decl. Ex. 1 ß 20.1.) Thus, the JDA expressly contemplated that copyright claims, related to a breach of the JDA, might arise. The fact that the parties expressly excepted copyright claims from the $5 million limitation provision in Section 20.1, but did not except copyright claims from the forum and limitations provisions in Section 22.3, demonstrates that the parties intended Section 22.3 to govern copyright claims.

13 SCO has not cited (and cannot cite) any authority to support its proposed rewrite of the JDA. SCO cites three cases for the proposition that a limitations provision must be strictly construed. (See SCO Reply Br. at 15.) None of those cases holds that a court should read language out of a contract. Indeed, they hold that contractual limitations provisions should be enforced provided the prescribed period is reasonable, as it is here. See Brink's Inc. v. City of New York, 528 F. Supp. 1084, 1086 (S.D.N.Y. 1981) (quoting Riplev v. Aetna Ins. Co., 30 N.Y. 136, 163 (N.Y. 1864)); Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. Warehouse No. 1, Inc., No. 89-4069, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13507, at *11 (S.D.N.Y., Nov. 13, 1989) (attached as Exhibit F); Raymond Int'l, Inc. v. City of New York, 511 F. Supp. 773, 776 (S.D.N.Y. 1981).

14 SCO attempts to distinguish the cases cited in IBM's opposition brief on the grounds that the forum selection clause in those cases employed broader language (e.g., "all disputes arising out of this Agreement") than the "related to a breach" language in the JDA. Not only is this supposed distinction without a difference, but also (as stated) SCO's proposed claim is, by its own admission, premised on IBM's alleged "violation of the specific restrictions of the parties' Joint Development Agreement". (Proposed Third Am. Compl. ¶ 217.)

15 See also Diqital Envoy, Inc. v. Google, Inc., 319 F. Supp. 2d 1377, 1380-81 (N.D. Ga. 2004) (applying forum selection clause to claims for misappropriation of trade secrets and unfair competition where clause covered "[a]ny lawsuit regarding this Agreement"); Keating v. Baskin- Robbins USA, Co., No. 99-0148, 2001 WL 407017, at *8 (E.D.N.C. Mar. 27,2001) (finding that one-year contractual limitation period, which stated that it applied to "[a]ny and all claims and actions arising out of or relating to [the parties'] agreement", barred claims for unfair and deceptive trade practices, fraud and negligent misrepresentation) (attached as Exhibit H); YWCA v. HMC Entm't, Inc., No. 91-7943,1992 WL 279361, at *1, 4 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 1992) (holding claim seeking declaratory judgment with respect to potential unfair competition, trademark infringement misappropriation and unfair competition claims "arises under this agreement" and, thus, was subject to forum selection clause) (attached as Exhibit I).

16 See also Direct Mail Prod. Servs. Ltd. v. MBNA Corp., No. 99-10550, 2000 WL 1277597, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 7. 2000) (applying forum selection clause to reach copyright claims, where clause stated merely that exclusive jurisdiction was in foreign court, because "analysis of the copyright infringement claims will inevitably require reference to rights and duties defined in the Agreement") (attached as Exhibit K); Mead v. Future Med. Publ'g, Inc., No. 98-0554, 1999 WL 1939256, at *4 n.7 (M.D.N.C. Feb. 22, 1999) (applying forum selection clause to copyright claim where clause referred to disputes "arising herefrom") (attached as Exhibit L); Warnaco Inc. v. VF Corp., 844 F. Supp. 940, 947, 949-50 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) (applying forum selection clause to trademark claims where clause referred to "[a]ny dispute or issue arising hereunder, including any alleged breach").

17 See Campbell v. Bartlett, 975 F.2d 1569, 1574 n.8 (10th Cir. 1992) (following "the rule that by filing a compulsory counterclaim a party does not waive Rule 12(b) objections" (citing 5A Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure 1397 (1990)); Hasse v. Am. Photograph Corp., 299 F.2d 666, 668-69 (10th Cir. 1962); Rogen v. Memry Corp., 886 F. Supp. 393, 396 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) (stating that "the fact that [the defendant] filed a counterclaim and participated in discovery does not render its objections to venue abandoned" (citing cases)).

18 Provisions like Section 22.11 have been held enforceable. See, e.g., Dominion Video Satellite, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite Corp., 269 F.3d 1149, 1158 (10th Cir. 2001) (finding that parties' course of dealings insufficient to overcome nonwaiver provision); Roboserve, Inc. v. Kato Kanaku Co., Ltd., 78 F.3d 266, 277-78 (7th Cir. 1996) (finding conduct of parties insufficient to warrant waiver where contract required waiver to be in writing); Medinol Ltd. v. Boston Sci. Corp., 346 F. Supp. 2d 575, 609 & n.8 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) (finding that "[l]imitations on waiver are enforceable" and conduct of party insufficient to overcome provision requiring waiver to be in writing).

19 SCO asks the Court to ignore Section 22.11 on the grounds that "as a matter of federal procedure", it is somehow irrelevant. (SCO's Reply Br. at 16.) The sole case on which SCO relies for this proposition, Steward v. Up North Plastics, Inc., 177 F. Supp. 2d 953, 958 (D. Minn. 2001), is inapposite. That court's discussion of waiver, in dicta, merely indicated that the contractual nonwaiver provision in that case was insufficient to overcome the party's conduct expressing an intent to waive the forum selection provision where the party affirmatively stated that venue was proper in its pleadings and conducted substantial discovery and motion practice regarding the claims subject to the forum selection clause. Id.

20 The only case cited by SCO to support its judicial economy argument, Steward, 177 F. Supp. 2d at 959 (discussed in note 19 above), is not helpful to SCO's cause. In Steward, the court denied a motion to transfer claims that had already been pending before the court for two years, finding that the court's familiarity with the specific facts of the claims and the fact that another case pending before the court involved "the same operative facts, the same antitrust claims and the same defendants" weighed against transferring the case in spite of the forum selection clause Id. In contrast, SCO's proposed claim is not currently pending before the Court, no motions on the merits of the claim have been filed and it involves a different set of operative facts and legal theories than the claims currently before this Court.


  


IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Re 3rd Amended Complaint - as text | 210 comments | Create New Account
Comments belong to whoever posts them. Please notify us of inappropriate comments.
Corrections here please
Authored by: DeepBlue on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 05:18 AM EDT
Please cross check with the PDF first.

---
All that matters is whether they can show ownership, they haven't and they
can't, or whether they can show substantial similarity, they haven't and they
can't.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Off Topic Thread
Authored by: DeepBlue on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 05:20 AM EDT
OT entries here please.

---
All that matters is whether they can show ownership, they haven't and they
can't, or whether they can show substantial similarity, they haven't and they
can't.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Time for the hose out?
Authored by: wHo on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 06:15 AM EDT
Seems that this little disaster for SCO (or whatever the plaintiff is called
these days) may well be the 'triger' for the J ie leave to amend denied, and
another warning about baseless actions.
If this happens and I were IBM I would be applying for costs of the motion to be
taxed and paid immediately.

---
IAAL but not in the USA - My advice is worth what you paid me for it!

[ Reply to This | # ]

Key question
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 06:17 AM EDT
IMO a key question is to know whether AIX 5L and even more specifically AIX 5L
5.0 and/or AIX 5L 5.1 can safely be understood to be the much touted Monterey
OS.

[ Reply to This | # ]

(Kid) Ory v. (Country Joe) McDonald!!!
Authored by: codswallop on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 06:28 AM EDT
And the song is "Fixin' to Die Rag", whose well known words I won't
quote in deference to PJ's site policy. It is, indeed, fundamentally a laches
case. 36 years, no less. Kid Ory's daughter recovered the rights to
"Muskrat Ramble" in order to sue McDonald, because the late Kid Ory
felt the song was unpatriotic, and the daughter felt it dishonored his memory.
The predecessor had refused to sue over a mere 2 measure similarity in a song
whose originality had been challenged both by Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet,
the two greatest artists in the history of dixieland jazz.

The court quoted Nimmer "[a copyright] assignee [cannot] claim rights that
would not have been available to his assignor" and Baker Hughes, Inc. v.
Davis Lynch, Inc., "a successor-in-interest is charged with the knowledge
and dilatory conduct of its predecessors."

SCO argue that the case is off point, because laches was clearly in effect prior
to the assignment in cited case, but not in SCO v.IBM. However, in their view,
the laches clock is somehow reset by the assignment. That is, assuming that
there was a clearly defined laches period of x years, if the assignment occurred
1 day short of x years, SCO would have another x years. This is not charging the
successor with the dilatory conduct, this is entirely forgiving it. Consistent
with the decision would be to grant SCO the day plus a short grace period to
allow a reasonable opportunity to act - say 90 days. I has now been 7 years, 4
of them under Caldera.

They also ignore the bit about the knowledge. Even if this is dicta in Ory, it
isn't in the cited Baker Hughes, which in turn cites Chisum on Patents. Patent
law is good precedent for copyright law where the issues don't involve the
statutes, but only common law applied to assertion of the rights.

Given how extremely prejudicial it would have been for Santa Cruz to have known
of IBM infringement in 1998 and done nothing until May 2001, only then to sue,
it can be argued that the right to sue had expired before the acquisition.

The SCO Monterey case is so bad, it's scarcely worth the effort to refute it.



---
IANAL This is not a legal opinion.
SCO is not a party to the APA.
Discovery relevance is to claims, not to sanity.

[ Reply to This | # ]

IBM and SCO Monterey presentation August 1999
Authored by: Chris Lingard on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 06:52 AM EDT

IBM and SCO did a presentation about Monterey August 31 1999 to September 2 1999; the slides of this presentation are most interesting. I have put a copy of the 1.7 Mb pdf here; though it is just 26 slides.

The presenters were:

Richard Hughes-Rowlands Monterey/64 Product Management SCO

Ahmed Chibib Senior Technical Staff Partners in Development IBM

The pdf will cut and paste so here are the interesting bits.

Slide 3 shows AIX, SCO technology, IBM technology, Sequent technology and UnixWare being fed in to make Monterey; the product line being POWER, IA-32 and IA-64.

The OEMs attending were Acer, CETIA, Compaq, Bull IBM Netfinity, ICL, Samsung, Sequent and Unisys.

Slide 15 shows the "Driver Problem":

Huge matrix of drivers to develop

Driver porting not core business

So back in 1999, SCO were trying to recruit OEMs to write drivers and applications for Monterey; that was going to run on IBM POWER. This being the migration path to IA-64.

[ Reply to This | # ]

IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Re 3rd Amended Complaint - as text
Authored by: JohnPettigrew on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 07:25 AM EDT
Wonderful document - IBM's lawyers tear SCO's arguments totally to shreds. I
especially loved the fact that, in two separate places, they show that not only
do SCO's cited cases not support their claim, they actually support the
opposite!

I would be very surprised, having seen this, if SCO gets to amend again.

[ Reply to This | # ]

IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Re 3rd Amended Complaint - as text
Authored by: PrecisionBlogger on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 09:14 AM EDT
MEANWHILE: Has SCO provided redacted version of ANY of their unsealed documents?
WHen will IBM ror the judge complain?

---
- Precision Blogger

[ Reply to This | # ]

Contempt of court
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 09:28 AM EDT
The prejudice issue came up in the April 21st hearing, with SCO's attorney saying that IBM hadn't raised an argument of undue prejudice (page 74). IBM's attorney, on page 84, reminded the court that when he began speaking at the hearing on this motion, he said that he wouldn't be making all their arguments orally, since they had already made them in writing. This Sur-Reply, for one, makes that very argument. Just one more tricky-icky moment in the SCO v. IBM litigation. SCO's attorneys certainly can be assumed to have read this Sur-Reply, which clearly makes the argument that IBM would be prejudiced by SCO being permitted to amend its complaint.

Wouldn't it be considered contempt of court, or some other misconduct, if SCO lawyers blatantly lie to the court during a hearing? Such as this incident PJ documents? Why doesn't the court sanction SCO for its obvious time wasting and unproductive shenanigans? If there is no penalty for wasting the court's time, why not waste it if your goal is to delay the trial?

[ Reply to This | # ]

"That is wrong as a matter of law"
Authored by: AllParadox on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 10:06 AM EDT
A quick observation for newcomers.

What "The SCO Group" is trying to do is get permission to amend their
complaint for a third time. The biggest hurdle is that SCO v. IBM has been
proceeding since 2003, and they have had more than ample time to list any claims
that they knew about or might have known about in 2003, had they exercised due
diligence in their initial investigation.

The problem is that they are trying to slide down the edge of a razor blade
without falling on either side, or getting cut in the process. Hard to do, when
you are naked.

The sharp edge that they must negotiate is the history of "SCO". The
old Caldera organization changed its' name to "The SCO Group" when it
attempted to purchase the business of the former SCO. The former SCO
organization then changed its' name to Tarantella.

Where this gets dicey is that "The SCO Group", oldCaldera, is trying
to enforce contract and ownership rights it claims it purchased from the
original SCO, and particularly ownership of the UNIX System V operating system,
along with a successor-in-interest claim through the original SCO on a contract
inheirited from AT&A.

They cannot have it both ways. If they are the successors in interest to
contracts and property owned by the original SCO, then they are also successors
in interest to knowledge held by the original SCO. If original SCO knew that
Project Monterey included Power as a target, then "The SCO Group" is
presumed to have known it as well, not just since recently when the lawyers for
"The SCO Group" discovered it.

My analysis here completely ignores Mr. R. Duff Thompson, a member of the board
of directors of the original SCO, and a member of the board of directors of the
current "The SCO Group". IMHO, his presence alone invalidates any
allegations that "The SCO Group" was unaware of Power inclusion in
Project Monterey. "The SCO Group" is a fiction, as are all
corporations. What we mean when we say "SCO knew" is that some or all
executives and board members of SCO "knew". Mr. Thompson knew then,
and knows now. There is no amnesia as successor-in-interest here.

If "The SCO Group" is unrelated to the original SCO, then they may
have a substantial reason to amend their complaint. Unfortunately, the only
amendment in that situation is a dismissal, because that also means that
"The SCO Group" is not and never has been an owner of UnixSysV, and
was never a successor in interest to the AT&T contract with IBM, the
foundation of this lawsuit.

There is no need to try to scry deeper legal explanations. This particular
issue is simple, obvious, and well supported by case law, as IBM has pointedly
demonstrated.

Once again, I am embarrassed for the legal profession by this presentation in
Federal District Court. For myself, I could not stand up in open court and make
this argument with a straight face.

There is room in legal ethics to make such an argument, but it requires that the
attorney making the presentation also cite the contrary Opinions, as well as
justifications for changing the settled law, things that "The SCO
Group" has not done.

---
PJ deletes insult posts, not differences of opinion.

AllParadox; retired lawyer and chief Groklaw iconoclast. No legal opinions,
just my opinion.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Love that IBM sense of humour/understatement
Authored by: tangomike on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 11:50 AM EDT
"The only case cited by SCO... is not helpful to SCO's cause."

A variation of this would be a nice epitaph for TSCOG.

---
Nothing screams 'poor workmanship' like wrinkles in the
duct tape.

[ Reply to This | # ]

IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Re 3rd Amended Complaint - as text
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 01:12 PM EDT
I can not help but wounder as this goes on. SCO said there were "millions
of lines" of sys5 code in Linux. "Line by line" copying took
place. We all know that was bull. However, as this goes on and on. it there a
point where the judge will ask for examples of the "millions of lines"
and "line by line coping" and clear Linux if they can not be provided?

[ Reply to This | # ]

IBM's Unsealed Sur-Reply Re 3rd Amended Complaint - as text
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 02:08 PM EDT
when will these farce end - they obviously don't have a case and they routinely
tie themselves up in knots that would make Wild E Coyote look like genius.

can the judge just ask for one single line of code and if they don't produce or
stall just throw the fricken case out.

this is a joke -

[ Reply to This | # ]

Am I right - is it a troll?
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 02:36 PM EDT
If I said on Groklaw what SCO has said in court, I would be called a troll. SCO
seems to be trying to tie up the time of the IBM lawyers (and Groklaw) with
having make long and complicated refutations of SCO's stupid statements.

But wait, this IBM fish is not biting, the IBM lawyers are using their legal
skills to undermine the SCO case on purely legal grounds. They could easily have
used facts to demolish SCO - Groklaw have even done the research for them.

What are they doing then? If IBM convince the judge that the SCO is invalid in
law, then one point to the IBM lawyers. But suppose the judge is not convinced
and the case eventually comes before a jury - well, SCO will be made to look
pretty stupid when IBM presents them with the facts.

"Mr Thompson. This 10-K form for 1998. Did you read it before you signed
it?"

This would be an excrutiatingly boring case for a jury. Whoever can make them
laugh, wins.

Alan(UK)

[ Reply to This | # ]

I don't understand.
Authored by: Franki on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 02:40 PM EDT
IBM's deal was not with newSCO, it was with oldSCO. newSCO bought the UNIX
assets of oldSCO, and that included their ongoing relationship with IBM.

Now newSCO claims that they should be allowed to ammend their complaint because
they couldn't possibly know what oldSCO knew about the agreements?

How does their not knowing matter? do they think that if they don't bother
learning about the agreements they bought that they can just make them up as
they go along?

I don't understand what they are trying to say here... They don't know what old
SCO knew, but the deal was with oldSCO not newSCO, so it doesn't matter what
they "know", it matters what oldSCO knows, and what IBM knows about
the agreement and newSCO has to abide by that.

So can anyone explain what newSCO is trying to say here?

rgds

Franki

---
Is M$ behind Linux attacks?
http://htmlfixit.com/index.php?p=86

[ Reply to This | # ]

Sorry if this has been requested before and I missed it...
Authored by: Anonymous on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 03:22 PM EDT
Could anyone point me to a Rosetta stone for interpreting citations?

[ Reply to This | # ]

TSCOG as Wiley Coyote
Authored by: The Mad Hatter r on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 07:46 PM EDT


A couple of us have compared TSCOG to Wiley Coyote. In Wiley Coyote we have an imcompetent knave, in TSCOG we have...

Here's a song you might like.

Oh, and while you're their buy one of Tom's CDs.

---
Wayne

telnet hatter.twgs.org

[ Reply to This | # ]

Something is up...potentially big time
Authored by: drichards1953 on Tuesday, May 24 2005 @ 09:58 PM EDT
Something is up folks. In today's press release there is not one mention of
UNIX or Unixware in the "boilerplate" tag which is the part they
describe the company, at the end of every press release SCO issues. (This is
standard form for a press release.)

In all prior press releases UNIX and Unixware appear rather clearly. Note the
trademark information paragraph in todays press release, not a mention of UNIX
or Unixware. Look at the one from just a week ago and compare. Hmmm!

Press release dated 5/24/05
About SCO

The SCO Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: SCOX) helps millions of customers to grow their
businesses everyday. Headquartered in Lindon, Utah, SCO has a worldwide network
of thousands of resellers and developers. SCO Global Services provides reliable
localized support and services to partners and customers. For more information
on SCO products and services, visit http://www.sco.com.

SCO and the associated SCO logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of The
SCO Group, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All other brand or product
names are or may be trademarks of, and are used to identify products or services
of, their respective owners.

SOURCE: The SCO Group, Inc.

Press release 5/17/05

The SCO Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: SCOX - News) helps millions of customers to grow
their businesses everyday. Headquartered in Lindon, Utah, SCO has a worldwide
network of thousands of resellers and developers. SCO Global Services provides
reliable localized support and services to partners and customers. For more
information on SCO products and services, visit www.sco.com.

SCO, SCO OpenServer and the associated SCO logo are trademarks or registered
trademarks of The SCO Group, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. UNIX and
UnixWare are registered trademarks of The Open Group. All other brand or product
names are or may be trademarks of, and are used to identify products or services
of, their respective owners.

Blake Stowell of The SCO Group, Inc., +1-801-932-5703, bstowell@sco.com



---
Dennis

They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety
deserve neither liberty nor safety.
---Benjamin Franklin

[ Reply to This | # ]

Help is always here, PJ.
Authored by: Steve Martin on Wednesday, May 25 2005 @ 08:17 AM EDT

I thought, "I so hope someone volunteers to transcribe this."

PJ, I'm sure that any number of volunteers would pop out of the woodwork if you ever need help. Just send up a flag; we'll be here!

---
"When I say something, I put my name next to it." -- Isaac Jaffee, "Sports Night"

[ Reply to This | # ]

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