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Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 05:14 PM EDT

Groklaw's E-man submitted a handy chart of Novell's Amended Counterclaims [PDF; text] compared with the SCO's reply [PDF; text], so we can compare paragraph by paragraph and easily see what SCO is denying and what it is admitting. I find these charts so handy, and I hope you do too. Paragraph 85 is still a mystery to me, though. SCO's style of "admitting" always makes me smile, as per paragraph 122. And they change headers, so Novell's header G, "SCO's Scheme To Claim Ownership of the UNIX Copyrights," becomes "SCO's Efforts to Protect Its Intellectual Property".

*****************************************

Number Novell's Amended Counterclaims SCO's Reply

PARTIES

1.

Counterclaim-plaintiff Novell, Inc. ("Novell") is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1983. Its headquarters and principal executive offices are located in Waltham, Massachusetts. Novell's principal product development facility is located in Provo, Utah. Novell also has offices in numerous cities worldwide.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 1, except denies knowledge sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the allegations of the third sentence of ¶ 1.

2.

Counterclaim-defendant The SCO Group, Inc. ("SCO") is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in Utah County, State of Utah.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 2.

JURISDICTION

3.

This Court has original jurisdiction over SCO's Amended Complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a).

Admits, based on the Court's Order dated June 9, 2004, that the Court has jurisdiction over SCO's Second Amended Complaint.

4.

This Court has jurisdiction over Novell's counterclaims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question), 28 U.S.C. § 1338(a) (arising under the Federal Copyright Act), 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a) (supplemental jurisdiction) and 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201(a) and 2202 (declaratory judgment). Novell's slander of title claim involves questions of, and arises under, federal law. This Court has supplemental jurisdiction over Novell's state law claims of breach of contract, accounting, restitution and slander of title.

Admits, based on the Court's Order dated June 9, 2004, that the Court has jurisdiction over Novell's counterclaims.

VENUE

5.

Venue is proper in this judicial district pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391(b), 1391(c) and 1400(a), in that SCO resides or may be found in this district and is subject to personal jurisdiction in this district.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 5.

FACTS

A. UNIX UNIX
6.

UNIX is the name of a computer operating system originally developed beginning in the late 1960s by a group of software engineers at AT&T's Bell Laboratories. Over time, AT&T licensed its UNIX family of operating systems to universities, corporations, other entities and individuals.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 6.

7.

In 1993 AT&T sold its UNIX assets, held by its subsidiary UNIX System Laboratories ("USL"), to Novell. This transfer of assets to Novell included UNIX copyrights, trademarks and all active UNIX licensing agreements, including contracts relating to the most recent version of the UNIX operating system called UNIX System V. At the time there had been several major releases of System V, including Releases 1, 2, 3 and 4, also referred to as SVR1, SVR2, SVR3 and SVR4, or generically as SVRx.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 7, except denies the allegation that AT&T transferred to Novell only "active" UNIX licensing agreements.

B. Linux Linux
8.

Linux is the name of a computer operating system, originally developed beginning in the early 1990s when Linus Torvalds, an undergraduate student at the University of Helsinki, began writing the Linux kernel, or the core of the Linux operating system. He released the first version of the Linux kernel on the Internet in 1991. Since then, thousands of software programmers around the world have engaged in a collaborative effort to further develop Linux.

Admits that Linus Torvalds purportedly developed the Linux operating system by consulting and referring to other materials; admits that numerous other parties have also contributed to Linux, including parties who wrongfully contributed SCO's UNIX intellectual property; but denies information or knowledge sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of each and every other allegation of ¶ 8.

9.

Linux was developed as open-source software and has become a popular alternative to proprietary operating systems. Unlike with other major operating systems, the underlying source code of Linux is available to the public.

Admits the allegations of the first sentence of ¶ 9, but denies the second sentence of ¶ 9 to the extent it alleges that SCO intellectual property in Linux is legally and properly available to the public.

C. The Asset Purchase Agreement Between Novell and The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. The Asset Purchase Agreement Between Novell and The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.
10.

In 1995, Novell and a company called The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. ("Santa Cruz") entered into negotiations over the sale of certain business assets of Novell relating to its UNIX and UnixWare software products.

Admits that in 1995, Novell ("Seller") and The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. ("Santa Cruz") entered into negotiations resulting in the transfer to Santa Cruz of "all of Seller's right, title and interest in and to the assets and properties of Seller relating to the [UNIX and UnixWare] Business" (the "UNIX business"), including the copyrights in UNIX and UnixWare; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 10.

11.

Santa Cruz was a California corporation that was incorporated in 1979. It was founded as a UNIX system porting and consulting company and began to ship its first product, a packaged version of the UNIX operating system, in 1983. In 1993 Santa Cruz completed an initial public offering and became a publicly-listed company on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange.

Admits that Santa Cruz was founded and operated as a UNIX development, porting, distribution, support, and consulting company; and admits the other allegations of ¶ 11.

12.

On September 19, 1995, Novell and Santa Cruz executed an Asset Purchase Agreement ("APA"). The APA provided each party with certain rights and obligations.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 12.

13.

The parties entered into two Amendments to the APA. On December 6, 1995, Novell and Santa Cruz executed "Amendment No. 1." Novell and Santa Cruz subsequently executed "Amendment No. 2" on October 16, 1996.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 13.

14.

Under the APA and its Amendments, Santa Cruz obtained a variety of assets, including assignment of tens of thousands of contracts and licenses, various trademarks, source code and binaries to UnixWare products, and physical assets such as furniture and personal computers. Santa Cruz also obtained the right to develop a "Merged Product," a derivative work that would run on Intel platforms.

Admits that the APA transferred to Santa Cruz "all of Seller's right, title and interest in and to the assets and properties of Seller relating to the [UNIX and UnixWare] Business," including (among other things) the copyrights in UNIX and UnixWare, the assignment of thousands of contracts and licenses, source code and binary code to UNIX and UnixWare, and the other assets listed in the first sentence of ¶ 14; admits that Santa Cruz agreed to complete (subsequent to the transaction set forth in the APA) a "Merged Product" for the Intel platform; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 14.

15.

Santa Cruz did not have the financial capacity to pay the purchase price contemplated by Novell for these acquired assets and rights. In order to bridge the price gap and consummate the transaction, Novell and Santa Cruz agreed that Novell would receive Santa Cruz stock and retain certain rights as protection. For example (and as discussed further below), Novell retained the right to receive royalty payments under SVRX licenses, prior approval rights relating to new SVRX licenses and amended SVRX licenses, the right to direct Santa Cruz to take certain actions relating to SVRX licenses and the right to conduct audits of the SVRX license program. Santa Cruz assumed several related obligations.

Admits that, to help bridge the gap between the purchase price of the UNIX business and the price Santa Cruz could afford, the parties agreed to a narrow exception to the complete transfer of the UNIX business; that pursuant to this exception Novell retained the right to continue receiving royalties that SCO then collected from then-existing SVRX licensees for their distribution of binary (object) code versions of System V products pursuant to sublicensing agreements; and that Novell retained the right to conduct audits, and direct Santa Cruz to take certain actions, to protect that binary royalty stream. SCO, however, denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 15; and to the extent ¶ 15 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

16.

One such obligation that Santa Cruz assumed under the APA was responsibility for administering the collection of royalty payments from SVRX licenses. The APA provided that Santa Cruz shall collect and pass through to Novell 100% of the SVRX royalties. In return, Novell agreed to pay Santa Cruz an administrative fee of 5% of those royalty amounts. Santa Cruz also agreed to pay additional royalties relating to other products.

Admits the allegations of the first three sentences of ¶ 16 to the extent those allegations refer only to the SVRX binary royalty stream (as described in ¶ 15, above); and admits the allegations of the last sentence of ¶ 16.

17.

Novell retained certain assets under the APA. Schedule 1.1(b), which lists "Excluded Assets" under the agreement, specifies that Novell retained "all copyrights and trademarks, except for the trademarks UNIX and UnixWare," "all patents," and "all right, title and interest to the SVRX Royalties, less the 5% fee for administering the collection thereof."

Admits the allegations of ¶ 17, except denies the allegation that Novell retained, or that the parties to the APA intended for Novell to retain, the copyrights in UNIX and UnixWare under Schedule 1.1(b) or any other schedule or provision of the APA.

18.

Novell also retained rights to supervise Santa Cruz's administration of SVRX licenses. Novell retained the "sole discretion" to direct Santa Cruz to amend, supplement, modify, waive or assign any rights under or to the SVRX licenses; if Santa Cruz fails to take any such action, the APA specifically granted Novell the right to take these actions on behalf of Santa Cruz. Novell retained the right to veto Santa Cruz's attempts to amend SVRX licenses, subject to two exceptions, as noted below. Novell also retained the right to veto Santa Cruz's attempts to enter into new SVRX licenses, subject to one exception, as noted below.

Admits that Novell retained certain rights to audit Santa Cruz's administration of the SVRX binary royalty stream; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 18; and to the extent ¶ 18 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

19.

The APA gave Novell the right to confirm Santa Cruz's compliance with its contractual obligations under the SVRX licensing program. The APA explicitly provided that Novell "shall be entitled to conduct periodic audits" of Santa Cruz "concerning all royalties and payments due to Seller hereunder or under the SVRX Licenses." The APA required Santa Cruz to "diligently seek to collect all such royalties, funds and other amounts when due" and to "investigate and perform appropriate auditing and enforcement." The APA also required Santa Cruz to provide Novell monthly reports detailing the SVRX royalties it received.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 19 only to the extent they refer to the rights and obligations of the parties with respect to the SVRX binary royalty stream (as described in ¶ 15, above).

20.

Novell and Santa Cruz were the onl y parties to the APA and its Amendments. SCO was not a party to the APA or its Amendments. SCO was originally incorporated on August 21, 1998 as a company called Caldera Systems, a developer and provider of Linux-based business solutions. SCO purports to be the successor in interest to Santa Cruz under the APA and its Amendments. This dispute is about Novell's rights under the APA and whether SCO breached its obligations as the alleged successor of Santa Cruz.

Admits the allegations of the first three sentences of ¶ 20, but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 20.

D. Novell's Ownership of the UNIX Copyrights Novell's Alleged Ownership of the UNIX Copyrights
21.

The APA transferred certain assets from Novell to Santa Cruz. However, as specified by Section V.A of Schedule 1.1(b) to the APA, certain assets were excluded from the transfer. Among the "Excluded Assets" from the APA asset transfer were "[a]ll copyrights and trademarks, except for the trademarks UNIX and UnixWare."

Admits that the APA transferred to Santa Cruz all of Novell's right, title, and interest in and to Novell's assets and properties relating to the UNIX business; admits that certain limited assets were excluded from the transfer; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 21, including the allegation that the APA did not transfer to Santa Cruz the copyrights in UNIX and UnixWare.

22.

The APA as executed on September 19, 1995 therefore does not transfer any copyrights.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 22; and to the extent ¶ 22 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

23.

Novell and Santa Cruz later executed Amendment No. 2 to the APA. Amendment No. 2 modifies Section V.A of Schedule 1.1(b) to provide that Excluded Assets include:

All copyrights and trademarks, except for the copyrights and trademarks owned by Novell as of the date of the Agreement required for SCO to exercise its rights with respect to the acquisition of UNIX and UnixWare technologies.

Admits that Novell and Santa Cruz executed Amendment No. 2 to the APA; and to the extent ¶ 23 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

24.

Neither Amendment No. 2 nor the APA as modified by Amendment No. 2 were intended to, nor do they actually, transfer ownership of the UNIX or UnixWare copyrights owned by Novell at the time of the APA and its Amendments ("UNIX Copyrights").

Denies the allegations of ¶ 24; and to extent ¶ 24 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

25.

Neither Amendment No. 2 nor the APA as modified by Amendment No. 2 qualify as "an instrument of conveyance, or a note or memorandum of the transfer" under 17 U.S.C. § 204(a) for at least the following reasons:

a. Amendment No. 2 merely amends the schedule of excluded assets and therefore does not, itself, constitute a transfer of any asset.

b. Neither Amendment No. 2 nor the modified APA identifies "the copyrights and trademarks owned by [Novell] as of the date of the Agreement required for Santa Cruz to exercise its rights with respect to the acquisition of UNIX and UnixWare technologies."

c. Neither Amendment No. 2 nor the modified APA contains any language suggesting a contemporaneous transfer of any copyright. To the contrary, the APA provides only that certain assets "will" be transferred.

d. Neither Amendment No. 2 nor the modified APA provides a date for any purported transfer of copyrights.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 25 (including subparagraphs a-d); and to the extent ¶ 25 (including subparagraphs a-d) purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

26.

Title to the UNIX Copyrights therefore remains with Novell.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 26; and to the extent ¶ 26 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

27.

By and during early 2003, SCO repeatedly asked Novell to transfer the UNIX Copyrights to SCO. In doing so, SCO conceded that title to the UNIX Copyrights remains exclusively with Novell. Novell rejected all of SCO's requests.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 27.

E. The Sale of Certain Santa Cruz Assets to Caldera Systems Sale of the UNIX Business to Caldera
28.

During the second quarter of its fiscal year 2000, Santa Cruz restructured its business into three divisions: the Server Software division, the Professional Services division and the Tarantella division. The Server Software division included Santa Cruz's UNIX-related business.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 28.

29.

On August 1, 2000, Santa Cruz entered into an agreement with Caldera Systems, under which Caldera Systems acquired Santa Cruz's Server Software and Professional Services divisions. With the acquisition, Caldera Systems planned to add Santa Cruz's UNIX server solutions and services to its Linux business.

Admits the allegations of the first sentence of ¶ 29, but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 29.

30.

On May 7, 2001, pursuant to an amendment to the agreement between Santa Cruz and Caldera Systems, Caldera International ("Caldera") was formed as a holding company to own Caldera Systems, including the assets, liabilities and operations of Santa Cruz's Server Software and Professional Services divisions.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 30.

F. Caldera's Financial Woes and Its Shift in Business Strategy Under New Leadership Caldera's Financial Position and Business Strategy
31.

Prior to Caldera's acquisition of Santa Cruz's Server Software and Professional Services divisions, substantially all of Caldera's revenue was derived from sales of Linux products and services. However, Caldera had been unsuccessful in creating a profitable Linux business.

Admits that Caldera (like, on information and belief, Novell and nearly all other companies) did not produce a profitable Linux business; and admits the other allegations of ¶ 31.

32.

After the acquisition of Santa Cruz's Server Software and Professional Services divisions, most of Caldera's total revenue came from UNIX products and services, ranging from 90 to 95% of Caldera's revenue during fiscal years 2001 and 2002. But Caldera's revenue from the sale of UNIX-based products declined in the fiscal quarters following the acquisition. Caldera experienced significant decreases in actual and forecasted revenue of the acquired Santa Cruz operations.

Admits that, after Caldera's acquisition of Santa Cruz's Server Software and Professional Services divisions, most of Caldera's revenue came from UNIX products and services, including approximately 90% of its total revenues at the end of fiscal year 2001 and 95% of its total revenues at the end of fiscal year 2002; admits that (at least in part because of the unauthorized use of SCO's proprietary UNIX code and other protected materials in Linux) Caldera's actual and forecasted revenues from the sale of UNIX-based products declined in the fiscal quarters following the acquisition; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 32.

33.

Caldera incurred substantial financial losses during its fiscal years 2000, 2001 and 2002. Caldera suffered losses from operations totaling $32 million in 2000, $133 million in 2001 and $24 million in 2002.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 33.

34.

In June 2002, Caldera hired Darl McBride as its President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. McBride was responsible for the company's strategic direction and planning.

Admits that Caldera hired Darl McBride as its President and Chief Executive Officer in June 2002 and that Mr. McBride was responsible for Caldera's strategic direction, with input from other executives of the company; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 34.

35.

On our about the time of Mr. McBride's arrival at Caldera, Caldera began to pursue a new business strategy for the company, launching a rebranding effort of its products and services as well as its corporate image.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 35.

36.

On August 26, 2002, Caldera announced that it would change its name to The SCO Group, Inc. ("SCO"), pending shareholder approval. On or about that time, Caldera then began doing business as SCO. Caldera soon thereafter changed its trading symbol on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange from "CALD" to "SCOX." Caldera's name change was formalized on May 16, 2003, when Caldera's shareholders approved an amendment to Caldera's certificate of incorporation that changed the company's name to SCO.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 36.

37.

As part of Caldera's rebranding efforts and shift in business strategy, Caldera purportedly initiated a review of its intellectual property rights. This effort culminated in the launching of a licensing initiative, which it called SCOsource, in January 2003. SCOsource, as described in further detail below, was an effort by Caldera to expand the revenue base of a company that had never before been profitable.

Admits that SCO launched the SCOsource initiative to review, enforce, and defend SCO's ownership of its UNIX intellectual property (including copyrights); admits that SCO announced the SCOsource initiative in January 2003 but did not enter into an agreement under its licensing program until August 2003; and denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 37.

G. SCO's Requests to Novell To Participate in a Licensing Scheme and To Transfer the UNIX Copyrights Communications Between SCO and Novell in Late 2002 and Early 2003
38.

In late 2002, SCO repeatedly contacted Novell in connection with SCO's soon-to-be-announced SCOsource campaign. SCO requested copies of certain documentation concerning rights to UNIX, including the agreement between Novell and Santa Cruz. SCO also expressed its interest in a campaign to assert UNIX infringement claims against users of Linux. SCO asked Novell to partner with SCO in a Linux licensing program, under which SCO contemplated extracting a license fee from Linux end users to use the UNIX intellectual property purportedly contained in Linux. Novell refused to participate.

Admits that in late 2002, as part of the review of its intellectual property, SCO contacted Novell to confirm SCO's understanding that the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights had been transferred under the APA and to ask if Novell had documents concerning the APA; admits that Novell counsel and other employees repeatedly and successively asked SCO to call again at a later time after Novell had had the opportunity to research the matter; admits that in early 2003, Novell counsel agreed to sign a letter stating that the APA transferred all right, title, and interest in and to the copyrights associated with the AT&T SVRX software agreements; admits that SCO sent Novell counsel a draft of that letter but Novell responded that it was no longer interested in UNIX and would not sign; admits that Novell did not sign the letter and ceased communications with SCO; further admits that during the aforementioned conversations Novell never asserted its purported, or challenged SCO's, ownership of the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 38.

39.

In aid of its scheme, SCO requested that Novell transfer its UNIX Copyrights to SCO and thereby acknowledged that it did not own the UNIX Copyrights. SCO contacted Novell on multiple occasions by and during early 2003. For example, SCO's CEO, Darl McBride, repeatedly contacted Novell and asked Novell to amend the Novell-Santa Cruz agreement to give SCO the UNIX Copyrights. Novell rejected all of these requests.

Admits that (at Novell's request, as described in ¶ 38 above) SCO contacted Novell on multiple occasions in early 2003; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 39.

H. SCO's Scheme To Claim Ownership of the UNIX Copyrights SCO's Efforts to Protect Its Intellectual Property
40.

Notwithstanding Novell's rejections, SCO embarked on an aggressive campaign in which it falsely asserted ownership over these same copyrights via public statements, a series of letters to Linux end users, several lawsuits against Linux distributors and end users, and a licensing program purporting to offer SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses for Linux .

Denies the allegations of ¶ 40.

41.

SCO's misleading and wrongful public assertions of ownership include the following:

a. On March 7, 2003, SCO stated in a press release, "In 1995, SCO purchased the rights and ownership of UNIX and UnixWare that had been originally owned by AT&T. This included source code, source documentation, software development contracts, licenses and other intellectual property that pertained to UNIX-related business. . . . `SCO is in the enviable position of owning the UNIX operating system,' said Darl McBride, president and CEO, SCO."

b. On May 14, 2003, SCO stated in a press release, "[SCO], the owner of the UNIX operating system, today warned that Linux is an unauthorized derivative of UNIX and that legal liability for the use of Linux may extend to commercial users."

c. On June 6, 2003, SCO stated in a press release, "[SCO], the owner of the UNIX® operating system, today confirmed its previously stated ownership of UNIX copyrights. As SCO has consistently maintained, all rights to the UNIX and UnixWare technology, including the copyrights, were transferred to SCO as part of the Asset Purchase Agreement between Novell and SCO dated September 19, 1995. Any question of whether the UNIX copyrights were transferred to SCO under the Asset Purchase Agreement was clarified in Amendment No. 2 to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated October 16, 1996. `This amendment simply confirms SCO's long stated position that it owns all copyrights associated with the UNIX and UnixWare businesses,' said Chris Sontag, senior vice president and general manager, SCOsource intellectual property division, SCO.

...

'SCO is the owner of the UNIX operating system, as well as all of the UNIX contracts, claims and copyrights necessary to conduct that business,' said Sontag. 'None of the litigation we are currently involved with asserts claims based on copyrights. Because others have called into question SCO's ownership of the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights, we are satisfied that we have now proven without a doubt that SCO owns those copyrights.'"

d. During at least June and July, 2003, SCO wrongfully registered copyrights in UNIX and Unix Ware releases owned by Novell. These registrations related to UNIX System V release 3.0, UNIX System V release 3.1, UNIX System V release 3.2, UNIX System V release 3.2/386, UNIX System V release 4.0, UNIX System V release 4.1, UNIX System V release 4.1ES, UNIX System V release 4.2, UNIX System V release 4.2MP, and UnixWare 7.1.3.

e. On January 13, 2004, SCO stated, "[SCO] today reiterated its ownership of UNIX intellectual property, source code, claims and copyrights and has made all of the documents surrounding the companies' ownership of UNIX and UnixWare available for public viewing at www.sco.com/novell."

f. On January 28, 2004, in its Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, SCO stated, "We own the UNIX operating system and are a provider of UNIX-based products and services.

...

We acquired our rights to the UNIX source code and derivative works and other intellectual property rights when we purchased substantially all of the assets and operations of the server and professional services groups of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc., in May 2001. The Santa Cruz Operation (now known as Tarantella, Inc.) had previously acquired such UNIX source code and other intellectual property rights from Novell in September 1995, which were initially developed by AT&T Bell Labs. Through this process, we acquired all UNIX source code, source code license agreements with thousands of UNIX vendors, all UNIX copyrights, all claims for violation of the above mentioned UNIX licenses and copyrights and other claims, and the control over UNIX derivative

works . . . ."

Denies the allegations of the introductory sentence of ¶ 41.

a. Admits the allegations of subparagraph 41(a).

b. Admits the allegations of subparagraph 41(b).

c. Admits the allegations of subparagraph 41(c).

d. Admits that in 2003 and 2004, SCO properly registered its copyrights in UNIX and UnixWare, including its copyrights in the UNIX and UnixWare releases listed in subparagraph 41(d); denies each and every other allegation of subparagraph 41(d); and to the extent subparagraph 41(d) purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

e. Admits the allegations of subparagraph 41(e).

f. Admits the allegations of subparagraph 41(f).

42.

As part of SCO's scheme to claim ownership of the UNIX copyrights, SCO has falsely claimed that Novell acquiesced to SCO's claims. For example, on July 21, 2003, Darl McBride stated in a public interview:

Interviewer: Well, Novell would say that you actually don't own those copyrights fully.

McBride: Yeah, well, the Novell thing, they, they came out and made a claim that held up for about four days and then we put that one to bed. If you go talk to Novell today, I'll guarantee you what they'll say, which is they don't have a claim on those copyrights.

Admits that on or about July 21, 2003, Darl McBride made the statement quoted in part in 42; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 42.

43.

Novell has not acquiesced to SCO's claims, as recited in SCO's own Amended Complaint. (Amended Complaint ¶ 19(d)-(e).) To the contrary, Novell was vigorously contesting those claims in private correspondence with SCO at the very same time SCO was publicly claiming otherwise. For example:

a. On May 12, 2003, SCO's CEO Darl McBride sent Novell a letter asserting that it owned the UNIX copyrights and that Linux end users were infringing those copyrights.

b. On May 28, 2003, Novell's CEO, Jack Messman, responded by letter, asserting in no uncertain terms that "SCO is not the owner of the UNIX copyrights."

c. After SCO registered its claim to the UNIX copyrights with the U.S. Copyright Office, Novell's General Counsel, Joseph LaSala wrote to SCO, again disputing its claim to ownership of the copyrights. In his August 4, 2003, letter, LaSala stated, "We dispute SCO's claim to ownership of these copyrights."

Denies that Novell did not acquiesce to SCO's ownership claims during the years between the execution of the APA (in September 1995) and about May 2003; further denies, as described below in SCO's response to subparagraph 43(b), that Novell did not acquiesce to SCO's ownership claims in June 2003.

a. Admits that on May 12, 2003, Darl McBride sent Novell a letter setting forth the statements therein.

b. Admits that, in response to Mr. McBride's May 2003 letter, Novell CEO Jack Messman sent SCO a May 28, 2003 letter (published in several newspapers and other publications) stating that "SCO is not the owner of the UNIX copyrights" - a statement that Novell recanted in a June 6, 2003 press release stating that Amendment No. 2 to the APA "appears to support SCO's claim that ownership of certain copyrights for UNIX did transfer to SCO in 1996."

c. Admits the allegations of ¶ 43(c), including the fact that Mr. LaSala's August 4, 2003 letter to SCO purported to recant the recantation in Novell's June 6, 2003 press release.

44.

In September and October 2003, Novell attempted to protect its rightful ownership of the UNIX Copyrights, and to correct SCO's erroneous registrations claiming ownership, by filing its own copyright registration.

Admits that in September and October 2003, Novell (wrongfully) obtained copyright registrations for UNIX-related products; denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 44; and to the extent ¶ 44 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

I. SCO's Scheme To Extract Licensing Fees from Novell, the Linux Community and UNIX Vendors The SCOsource Initiative
45.

A significant aspect of SCO's rebranding efforts and new business strategy was its adoption of a scheme to extract "licenses" from the UNIX and Linux communities based on claims to own intellectual property specifically reserved to Novell, i.e., the UNIX Copyrights. SCO proceeded on its own in this scheme after Novell rebuffed SCO's overtures to participate.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 45; and to the extent ¶ 45 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

46.

On January 22, 2003, SCO publicly announced its licensing scheme as part of its "SCOsource" program. In connection with this announcement, SCO's CEO, Darl McBride, commented that "SCO owns much of the core UNIX intellectual property, and has full rights to license this technology and enforce the associated patents and copyrights."

Admits that SCO announced its SCOsource initiative on January 22, 2003, and that in connection with that announcement, Darl McBride made the statement quoted in part in ¶ 46; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 46.

47.

Under the SCOsource licensing program, SCO seeks to enter into license agreements with UNIX vendors and offers Intellectual Property Licenses to Linux end users ("Intellectual Property Licenses"). The purported purpose of these licenses is to allow UNIX vendors to use SCO's UNIX intellectual propert y and to permit Linux end users to "properly compensate us for our UNIX intellectual property as currently found in Linux." One term of SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses for Linux is that licensees "will be held harmless against past and future copyright violations based on their use of SCO's intellectual property . . . in Linux distributions . . . ."

Admits that the SCOsource licensing program allows Linux end-users to enter into intellectual property agreements that properly compensate SCO for its UNIX intellectual property found in Linux; admits that the terms of the SCOsource agreements are as stated therein; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 47.

48.

SCO charges a sizeable licensing fee for SCO's Intellectual Propert y Licenses for Linux. For example, for a server with 8 CPUs, the initial licensing fee is $4,999, with $1,079 payable every year after that.

Admits that SCO charges market price (including appropriate discounts) for its intellectual property licenses; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterization in ¶ 48.

49.

As part of its SCOsource initiative, SCO filed a lawsuit against IBM on March 7, 2003, asserting, among other things, UNIX Copyrights that SCO does not own. SCO has alleged that it owns the UNIX Copyrights and that IBM's contributions to Linux and use of Linux infringe these copyrights.

Admits that on March 7, 2003, SCO filed a lawsuit against IBM based on the allegations set forth in SCO's pleadings in that lawsuit; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 49; and to the extent ¶ 49 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

50.

As part of the SCOsource program, SCO entered into at least two license agreements. These licenses related to the use of UNIX technology by the licensees. The first of these licenses was with Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Sun"). The second license was with Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft") and purportedly covers Microsoft's UNIX compatibility products. On information and belief, through these licenses SCO broadened the rights of Sun and Microsoft to use SVRX code.

Admits that SCO, through its SCOsource division, entered into agreements related to UNIX and UnixWare with Sun Microsystems, Inc., and Microsoft Corporation (in that order) and that the Microsoft agreement covered UNIX compatibility products; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 50, including the allegation that the Sun and Microsoft agreements were part of the SCOsource licensing program.

51.

The Sun and Microsoft licenses resulted in significant revenue for SCO and produced the first profitable quarter in SCO's history. During the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2003, SCO recognized $8,250,000 in revenue from these two new licenses. In addition, these licenses accounted for $25,846,000 of SCO's revenue in fiscal year 2003.

Admits that the Sun and Microsoft agreements in part produced the profitable quarter; admits the allegations of the second sentence of ¶ 51; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 51.

52.

As part of the SCOsource program, in May 2003, SCO sent letters to 1,500 of the world's largest corporations threatening suit based on its alleged ownership of the UNIX Copyrights ("End User Letters"). On May 12, 2003, SCO sent one of these letters to IBM, and sent another letter to Novell. On information and belief, all of the End User Letters were nearly identical in content to the IBM and Novell letters.

Admits that, in May 2003, SCO sent 1,500 end-user corporations (including IBM and Novell) a letter setting forth the statements therein; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 52; and to the extent ¶ 52 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

53.

In the End User Letters, SCO made the false and misleading statement that "SCO holds the rights to the UNIX operating system software originally licensed by AT&T to approximately 6,000 companies and institutions worldwide (the `UNIX Licenses')."

Admits that SCO made statements (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 53) in the May 2003 letters; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 53; and to the extent ¶ 53 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

54.

In the End User Letters, SCO also made the unsupported assertion that "We [SCO] have evidence that portions of UNIX System V software code have been copied into Linux and that additional other portions of UNIX System V software code have been modified and copied into Linux, seemingly for the purposes of obfuscating their original source."

Admits that SCO made statements (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 54) in the May 2003 letters; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 54; and to the extent ¶ 54 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

55.

After setting forth these alleged facts in the End User Letters, SCO erroneously concluded that "Linux infringes on our UNIX intellectual property and other rights." According to SCO, end users of Linux were liable for this alleged infringement whether or not they participated in any contribution of UNIX System V software code into Linux.

Admits that SCO made statements (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 55) in its May 2003 letters to end-users; denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 55; and to the extent ¶ 55 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

56.

As set forth in detail above, besides sending the End User Letters, SCO has made numerous public statements that it owns the UNIX Copyrights and that end users of Linux are liable for infringement of those copyrights. For instance, contrary to the express terms of the APA, SCO has stated on its website that "only SCO is in a position to license the use of this infringing intellectual property." The Court itself has noted SCO's "barrage of public statements about pursuing alleged infringers of its alleged intellectual property." The SCO Group Inc. v. Int'l Bus. Machs., Case No. 2:03CV294 DAK, Memorandum Decision and Order at 5 (Feb. 9, 2004).

Admits that SCO has publicly stated that it owns the UNIX copyrights and that Linux end-users may be liable for infringement of those copyrights; admits that it has stated on its website that "only SCO is in a position to license the use of this infringing intellectual property"; admits that the Court's February 8, 2005 Order in the SCO v. IBM case sets forth the statements therein; denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 56; and to the extent ¶ 56 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

57.

Shortly after the inception of its letter writing campaign, SCO brought suit against Autozone and Daimler Chrysler, both Linux end users. In these lawsuits, SCO has made substantially the same allegations as set forth in its letters. In the Autozone lawsuit, SCO has alleged that "[Autozone] uses one or more versions of the Linux operating system that infringe on SCO's exclusive rights in its proprietary UNIX System V operating system technology." In the Daimler-Chrysler lawsuit, SCO has alleged that Daimler-Chrysler's use of the Linux operating system violates the UNIX license between Daimler-Chrysler and SCO.

Admits that SCO has filed lawsuits against Autozone, Inc., and Daimler Chrysler Corporation, based on the allegations set forth in its pleadings in those lawsuits; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 57.

58.

Novell has established a Linux Indemnification Program under which it currently offers indemnification for copyright infringement claims made by third parties against qualifying, registered Novell customers of specified SUSE LINUX Enterprise products.

Admits that Novell has established an indemnification program with numerous restrictions (including, for example, the requirement that the Linux customer buy a new upgrade) and limitations (including, for example, on the dollar amount of the indemnification); but denies information or knowledge sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the other allegations of ¶ 58.

59.

SCO has continued to pursue its SCO source initiative with other industry participants that it believes will lead to additional licensing agreements. On information and belief, via this campaign, SCO has convinced several Linux end users to participate in its licensing program, obtain purported licenses to use "SCO's intellectual property contained in Linux," and thereby avoid suit by SCO. In fiscal year 2004, SCO generated additional revenue from sales of its SCOsource Intellectual Property Licenses.

Admits that, in an effort to protect its UNIX copyrights, SCO has negotiated intellectual property agreements with Linux end-users; admits that such agreements generated revenue in fiscal year 2004; and denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 59.

J. SCO's Breaches of the Asset Purchase Agreement Novell's Allegations that SCO Breached the Asset Purchase Agreement
60.

SCO's misguided campaign has led SCO to breach various obligations that Santa Cruz assumed under the APA and its Amendments.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 60; and to the extent ¶ 60 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

61.

Novell has performed its obligations under the APA and its Amendments.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 61; and to the extent ¶ 61 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

62.

SCO or Santa Cruz has received adequate consideration for its duties under the APA and its Amendments.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 62; and to the extent ¶ 62 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

Breach of Section 1.2(b)'s and 1.2(f)'s Audit Provisions

Alleged Breach of the Audit Provisions

63.

Section 1.2(b) of the APA gives Novell broad audit rights relating to the administration of the SVRX licensing program. It reads in pertinent part:

[Novell] shall be entitled to conduct periodic audits of [SCO] concerning all royalties and payments due to [Novell] hereunder or under the SVRX Licenses, provided that [Novell] shall conduct such audits after reasonable notice to [SCO] and during normal business hours and shall not be entitled to more than two (2) such audits per year.

Admits that Section 1.2(b) of the APA provides in part:

Seller shall be entitled to conduct periodic audits of Buyer concerning all royalties and payment due to Seller hereunder or concerning all royalties and payment due to Seller hereunder or under the SVR.X Licenses, provided that Seller shall conduct such audits after reasonable notice to Buyer and during normal business hours and shall not be entitled to more than two (2) such audits per year.

SCO denies each and every other allegation and the characterization in ¶ 63, including that under the APA, Novell had audit rights other than with respect to the administration of the SVRX binary royalty stream; and to the extent ¶ 63 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

64.

Further, section 1.2(f) of the APA obligates SCO to provide Novell monthly reports detailing the SVRX royalties that SCO received.

Admits that Section 1.2(f) of the APA provides in part:

Within one (I) calendar month following each calendar month in which SVRX Royalties [and royalties from Royalty-Bearing Products as contemplated in Schedule 1.2(b) hereof] are received by Buyer, Buyer shall provide to Seller, in electronic file format, a report detailing all such royalties.

SCO denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 64.

65.

On July 11, 2003 Novell notified SCO that it intended to conduct an audit beginning on August 18, 2003 covering the period beginning January 1, 1998 through June 30, 2003.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 65.

66.

By reply correspondence dated July 17, 2003, SCO accepted Novell's right to an audit. Novell's audit began during the week of August 25, 2003.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 66.

67.

As part of Novell's aforementioned audit rights, on November 21, 2003, Novell sought the following categories of information and documentation relating to:

a. Any amendments and modifications to SVRX licenses, and in particular the amendments to the Sun and Microsoft SVRX licenses. Novell specifically requested (1) "copies of the Sun and Microsoft amendments to verify SCO's compliance" with the APA and (2) "a detailed explanation of SCO's position" if SCO contends that either of the two exceptions to the prohibition on unilateral amendments by SCO were applicable.

b. Any buy-out of SVRX licenses, and in particular any information concerning any buy-out of Sun's and Microsoft's royalty obligations under their SVRX licenses. Novell specifically requested that SCO identify any potential buy-out transactions so that Novell could verify SCO's compliance with the APA.

c. Any new SVRX licenses, and in particular SCO's Intellectual Propert y Licenses for Linux. Novell specifically requested (1) "copies of all SCO Intellectual Property Licenses for Linux, and any other agreements connected with attempts by SCO to enter into new SVRX Licenses, so Novell can verify SCO's compliance" with the APA and (2) "a detailed explanation of SCO's position" if SCO contends that the exception to the prohibition on new SVRX licenses by SCO was applicable.

d. Any SVRX to UnixWare Conversions. Novell specifically requested that SCO (1) identify and provide documentation for any allegedly valid conversions and (2) "explain in detail" how the alleged conversion complies with the APA and (3) provide "a detailed explanation of SCO's position" if SCO contends that any of the exceptions to the prohibition on conversion by SCO were triggered.

Admits that Novell sent SCO a November 21, 2003 letter (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 67) requesting the information set forth therein; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 67 (including subparagraphs a-d); and to the extent ¶ 67 (including subparagraphs a-d) purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

68.

Novell renewed its November 21, 2003 demand on December 29, 2003 and again on February 4, 2004.

Admits that Novell sent letters to SCO on December 29, 2003, and on February 4, 2004, referencing Novell's November 21, 2003 letter.

69.

On February 5, 2004, SCO conveyed its refusal to provide the information identified in Paragraph 68.

Admits that SCO responded to Novell's letters as set forth in SCO's letter dated February 5, 2004; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 69.

70.

On March 1, 2004, Novell again contacted SCO for the above categories of information: "In order to complete our audit, we need the Sun, Microsoft and any other Intellectual Property Licenses for Linux. Stated more categorically, we need all agreements in which SCO purported to grant rights with respect to Unix System V." Novell noted that SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses for Linux appeared to be SVRX Licenses since they purported to grant rights relating to UNIX System V or UnixWare.

Admits that Novell sent SCO a March 1, 2004 letter (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 70), requesting the information set forth therein; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 70; and to the extent ¶ 70 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

71.

Novell again sent a letter to SCO on April 2, 2004 urging a response.

Admits that Novel! sent a letter to SCO on April 2, 2004, requesting the information set forth therein.

72.

On November 17, 2004, Novell contacted SCO yet again:

We have communicated with SCO several times about our concerns with SCO's handling of UNIX licenses, including the license with Sun. In these communications, we have noted that our audit rights under the Asset Purchase Agreement require SCO to provide Novell with copies of any UNIX agreements (including amendments) SCO has reached with Sun. We have sent you letters twice on this issue (in March and April 2004), and have not received an adequate response.

...

Accordingly, we must once again insist that you provide us with copies of any agreements with Sun (including amendments) that relate to UNIX. We would appreciate a response by Friday, December 3, 2004.

Admits that Novell sent SCO a November 17, 2004 letter (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 72) requesting the information set forth therein.

73.

Despite Novell's repeated pre-litigation requests, SCO did not provide Novell with copies of the Sun and Microsoft licenses, or amendments, or with copies of SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses for Linux or other agreements connected with attempts by SCO to enter into new or amended SVRX licenses. SCO also never provided any explanation why SCO was not obligated under the APA to seek Novell's consent to amend or otherwise enter into new SVRX agreements. As a result, prior to this litigation Novell was unable to verify whether SCO had complied with the APA, as Novell is entitled under the APA. Only through discovery in this litigation was Novell first able to obtain copies of certain aforementioned licenses and thereby conclude that SCO did not comply with its obligations under the APA.

Admits that SCO responded to Novell as set forth in SCO's letters; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 73; and to the extent ¶ 73 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

Breach of Obligation To Remit Royalties Under Sections 1.2(b) and 4.16(a)

Alleged Breach of the Obligation to Pass Through Royalties

74.

Sections 1.2(b) and 4.16(a) of the APA create an agency relationship between SCO and Novell, obligating SCO to remit 100% of "all royalties, fees and other amounts due under all SVRX Licenses" to Novell. "SVRX Licenses" are in turn defined to include "[a]ll contracts relating to" the various UNIX System releases and auxiliary products enumerated at Schedule 1.1(a)(VI) and Attachment A to Amendment No. 1. Under the APA, Novell has "all right, title and interest to the SVRX Royalties, less the 5% fee for administering the collection thereof."

Admits that SCO was obligated to remit "all royalties, fees and other amounts due under all SVRX Licenses (as listed in detail under item Vi of Schedule 1.1(a) hereof and referred to herein as 'SVRX Royalties')"; admits that the term "SVRX Licenses" is not listed in a "Definitions" or "Recitals" section of the APA. SCO denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 74, including any attempt by Novell to define the term "SVRX Licenses" to include anything other than royalties that SCO collected from then-existing SVRX licensees for their distribution of binary-code versions of System V products pursuant to sublicensing agreements.

75.

SCO has failed to remit to Novell all royalties owed under §§ 1.2(b) and 4.16(a) of the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 75; and to the extent ¶ 75 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

76.

As SCO admitted in its February 5, 2004 letter to Novell, SCO has entered into "new" agreements with Sun and Microsoft.

Admits that SCO entered into agreements with Sun and Microsoft, but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in ¶ 76.

77.

On information and belief, these new agreements are "contracts relating to" the various UNIX System releases and auxiliary products enumerated at Schedule 1.1(a)(VI) and Attachment A to Amendment No. 1. The new agreements are therefore SVRX Licenses under the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 77; and to the extent ¶ 77 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

78.

SCO has not remitted any royalties from its new SVRX Licenses with Sun or Microsoft.

Admits that SCO has not remitted royalties from its licenses with Sun and Microsoft; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 78, including the allegation that SCO entered into "SVRX Licenses" with Sun or Microsoft; and to the extent ¶ 78 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

79.

In addition, SCO has entered into Intellectual Property Licenses with a variety of parties. For example, on March 1, 2004, SCO announced an intellectual property licensing agreement with "EV1Servers.Net" that purportedly grants that company a site license to use SCO's intellectual property on all Linux servers managed by EV1Servers.Net in its hosting facilities.

Admits that SCO has entered into intellectual property agreements, the terms of which are set forth therein; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 79.

80.

On information and belief, SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses are "contracts relating to" the various UNIX System releases and auxiliary products enumerated at Schedule 1.1(a)(VI) and Attachment A to Amendment No. 1. The Intellectual Property Licenses are therefore SVRX Licenses under the APA. SCO has not remitted any royalties from these SVRX Licenses.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 80; and to the extent ¶ 80 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

81.

Among other changes to the APA, Amendment No. 1 added § 1.2(e), which provides that SCO has a right to retain all "source code right to use fees attributable to new SVRX Licenses approved by [Novell] pursuant to Section 4.16(b)."

Admits that Amendment No. 1 to the APA added Section 1.2(e) (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 81); but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 81; and to the extent 81 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

82.

SCO has neither sought nor obtained Novell's approval to enter into any new SVRX license. Therefore, none of SCO's new SVRX Licenses fall within § 1.2(e)'s exception to SCO's general duty to remit 100% of SVRX royalties to Novell.

Admits the allegations of the first sentence of ¶ 82; but denies the second sentence of ¶ 82 to the extent it alleges that the intellectual property licenses and Sun and Microsoft agreements required Novell's prior approval or were "SVRX Licenses"; and to the extent ¶ 82 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

Breach of Obligation Concerning Potential Buy-Out Transactions

Alleged Breach of Amendment No.2

83.

In Amendment No. 2, Novell and Santa Cruz agreed to a procedure that would govern "any potential transaction with an SVRX licensee which concerns a buy-out of any such licensee's royalty obligations." In § B, they agreed that: (1) they "will" provide written notification to each other upon becoming aware of any potential buy-out transaction; (2) "any meetings and/or negotiations with the licensee will be attended by both parties, unless agreed otherwise"; (3) "any written proposal to be presented to the licensee, including drafts and final versions of any proposed amendments to the SVRX licenses, will be consented to by both parties prior to its delivery to the licensee, unless agreed otherwise"; and (4) "prior to either parties' unilateral determination as to the suitability of any potential buy-out transaction, the parties will meet face to face and analyze the potential merits and disadvantages of the transaction."

Admits that, without quoting any part of Subsection B5 of Amendment No. 2 to the APA, Novell correctly and selectively quotes in part the other four Subsections; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 83; and to the extent ¶ 83 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

84.

Through Amendment No. 2, the parties also agreed that no potential buy-out transaction "will be concluded unless the execution copy of the amendment is consented to in writing by both parties, and either party will have the unilateral right to withhold its consent should it judge, for any reason whatsoever, the transaction to be contrary to its economic interests and/or its business plans and strategy."

Admits that Novell accurately quotes in part Subsection B4 of Amendment No. 2 to the APA; and to the extent ¶ 84 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

85.

On March 17, 1994, Novell and Sun entered into a Software License and Distribution Agreement, effective January 1, 1994 ("the 1994 Sun Agreement"). Through this agreement, Novell granted Sun an "irrevocable, perpetual, world-wide, royalty-free, paid-up right and license" concerning certain UNIX System V technology that Sun had previously licensed through SVRX licenses with Novell and its predecessors.

Admits the allegations of the first sentence of ¶ 85; admits that the second sentence of ¶ 85 correctly quotes in part the 1994 Sun Agreement; admits that, through that agreement, Unix Systems Laboratories (USL) granted Sun Microsystems certain rights to UNIX System V technology that Sun had previously licensed through UNIX software and sublicensing agreements with USL's predecessor, AT&T; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 85; and to the extent ¶ 85 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

86.

SCO has acknowledged that the 1994 Sun Agreement was a buy-out agreement. In a letter to Novell dated February 5, 2004, SCO contended that "Sun Microsystems bought out its license from Novell in 1994."

Admits that ¶ 86 correctly quotes in part a letter from SCO to Novell dated February 5, 2004; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations of ¶ 86.

87.

The 2003 Sun Agreement purported "to amend and restate" the 1994 buy-out agreement between Novell and Sun and, thus, was a potential transaction with an SVRX licensee that concerns a buy-out of the licensee's royalty obligations. The 2003 agreement relicensed SVRX technology that was the subject of the 1994 agreement. It also purported to license additional SVRX technology.

SCO admits that the first sentence of ¶ 87 correctly quotes in part a selected phrase in the 2003 Sun Agreement; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 87; and to the extent ¶ 87 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

88.

SCO did not secure Novell's approval prior to concluding its transaction with Sun in 2003. Nor did SCO consult with Novell or provide any advance notification to Novell concerning this potential buy-out transaction with Sun. Breach of Section 4.16(b)'s Obligations

Admits that SCO did not notify, consult with, or seek the prior approval of Novell prior to concluding the transaction with Sun set forth in the 2003 Sun Agreement; but denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations of ¶ 88, including the allegation that that transaction was a "potential buy-out" under Amendment No. 2 to the APA.

Alleged Breach of Section 4.16(h) of the APA
89.

Section 4.16(b) of the APA reads in pertinent part:

In addition, at [Novell's] sole discretion and direction, [SCO] shall amend, supplement, modify or waive any rights under, or shall assign any rights to, any SVRX License to the extent so directed in any manner or respect by [Novell].

Admits that Novell correctly quotes in part Section 4.16(b) of the APA, but denies that this is the only pertinent part of that section.

90.

SCO has threatened to cancel or terminate various parties' SVRX licenses and has purported to cancel or terminate certain parties' SVRX licenses. For example, on March 6, 2003, SCO sent a letter to IBM threatening to cancel or terminate IBM's SVRX license. On May 29, 2003, SCO sent a similar letter to Sequent Computer Systems ("Sequent").

Admits that SCO sent letters to various companies, including IBM and Sequent, setting forth the statements therein; but denies each and every other allegation in ¶ 90, including the allegation that the licenses referenced in those agreements were "SVRX Licenses."

91.

SCO subsequently purported to cancel or terminate IBM's SVRX licenses as of June 13, 2003. On August 11, 2003, SCO sent a letter to Sequent similarly purporting to terminate Sequent's SVRX licenses.

Admits that SCO terminated its software license agreements with IBM and Sequent; admits that it sent Sequent an August 11, 2003 letter of termination; but denies each and every other allegation in ¶ 91, including especially the allegation that the terminated licenses were "SVRX Licenses."

92.

SCO did not obtain Novell's prior written consent to cancel or terminate either SVRX license. Accordingly, on June 9, 2003, and again on October 7, 2003, Novell directed SCO to waive any purported right SCO claimed to have to terminate IBM's SVRX licenses. On February 6, 2004, Novell similarly directed SCO to waive certain of its purported rights under the IBM and Sequent SVRX licenses.

Admits that SCO did not seek Novell's prior written consent to terminate the IBM and Sequent licenses; admits that Novell sent letters to SCO on June 9, 2003 and October 7, 2003, setting forth the statements therein; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 92, including especially the allegation that the terminated licenses were "SVR.X Licenses."

93.

Following SCO's failure to take the actions identified in the preceding paragraphs, Novell elected to take actions on SCO's behalf, as Novell is empowered to do by § 4.16(b). Section 4.16(b) of the APA provides in pertinent part:

In the event that [SCO] shall fail to take any such action concerning the SVRX Licenses as required herein, [Novell] shall be authorized, and hereby is granted, the rights to take any action on [SCO's] own behalf.

Admits that Novell correctly quotes in part Section 4.16(b) of the APA, but denies that this is the only pertinent part of that section; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 93; and to the extent ¶ 93 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

94.

After SCO conveyed its refusal on February 11, 2004 to waive its purported rights against Sequent, Novell on the same day waived SCO's purported right to revoke any rights under Sequent's SVRX licenses. Similarly, on October 11, 2003, Novell waived certain of SCO's purported rights under IBM's SVRX licenses.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 94; and to the extent ¶ 94 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

95.

SCO refuses to acknowledge Novell's right to take such actions on its own behalf.

Admits that SCO refuses to acknowledge Novell's purported right to take certain actions on "its own behalf'; denies the allegation that Novell has that right; and to the extent ¶ 95 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

96.

Under Section 4.16(b) of the APA, SCO shall not amend or modify any SVRX license "without the prior written consent of [Novell]." As modified by Amendment 1, Section 4.16(b) of the APA provides further that:

Notwithstanding the foregoing, [SCO] shall have the right to enter into amendments of the SVRX Licenses (i) as may be incidentally involved through its rights to sell and license UnixWare software or the Merged Product .. or future versions of the Merged Product, or (ii) to allow a licensee under a particular SVRX License to use the source code of the relevant SVRX product(s) on additional CPU's or to receive an additional distribution, from [SCO], of such source code.

In addition, [SCO] shall not, and shall have no right to, enter into new SVRX Licenses except in the situation specified in (i) of the preceding sentence as otherwise approved in writing in advance by [Novell] on a case by case basis.

Admits that Section 4.16(b) of the APA (correctly quoted in part in ¶ 96) sets forth the terms therein; but denies each and every allegation of ¶ 96, including any attempt by Novell to define the term "SVRX Licenses" to include anything other than royalties that SCO collected from then-existing SVRX licensees for their distribution of binary-code versions of System V products pursuant to sublicensing agreements.

97.

On information and belief, SCO has entered into new SVRX Licenses with Sun, Microsoft and others (through, for example, SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses with Linux end users or UNIX vendors), or otherwise amended the Sun and Microsoft SVRX licenses.

Admits that SCO entered into agreements with Linux end-users, Sun, Microsoft, and others; but denies each and every other allegation in ¶ 97, including the allegation that those agreements are "SVRX Licenses."

98.

SCO never sought advance approval from Novell to enter into these new SVRX Licenses or amendments thereof. SCO also never explained why under the APA it was not obligated to obtain Novell's advance approval.

Admits that SCO never sought approval from Novell to enter into the intellectual property licenses or Sun and Microsoft agreements; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 98; and to the extent ¶ 98 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

99.

Under the APA, SCO also had no authority to enter into the Sun and Microsoft SVRX Licenses, or the Intellectual Property Licenses with Linux end users and UNIX vendors.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 99; and to the extent ¶ 99 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Slander of Title)

100.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to the allegations of all prior paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.

101.

SCO made its public statements claiming ownership of the UNIX Copyrights, and improperly registered its claim to UNIX Copyrights, with knowledge that title to these copyrights remains with Novell.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 101; and to the extent ¶ 101 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

102.

SCO made such statements maliciously, in bad faith, and with intentional disregard for the truth.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 102; and to the extent ¶ 102 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

103.

SCO made such statements with the intent to cause customers and potential customers of Novell not to do business with Novell, to slander and impugn the ownership rights of Novell in UNIX and UnixWare, and to attempt, in bad faith, to block Novell's ability to exercise its copyrights therein.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 103; and to the extent ¶ 103 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

104.

SCO's slander of Novell's title has resulted in special damages including, inter alia, Novell's costs and fees in preparing and filing copyright registrations and declarations correcting SCO's erroneous registrations claiming ownership of Novell's intellectual property and in prosecuting this action.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 104; and to the extent ¶ 104 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Breach of Contract: §§ 1.2(b) and 1.2(f) of the Asset Purchase Agreement)

105.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if' those answers were fully set forth herein.

106.

Pursuant to its audit rights under the APA, Novell requested certain information from SCO to verify SCO's compliance with the APA, including:

a. Any amendments and modifications to SVRX licenses, and in particular the amendments to the Sun and Microsoft SVRX licenses, including a copy of these amendments and a detailed explanation of SCO's position if SCO contends that either of the two exceptions to the prohibition on unilateral amendments by SCO was applicable;

b. Any buy-out or potential buy-out of SVRX licenses, and in particular any information concerning any buy-out of Sun and Microsoft's royalty obligations under their SVRX licenses;

c. Any new SVRX licenses, and in particular SCO's new SVRX agreements

with Sun and Microsoft and SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses with Linux end users or UNIX vendors, including copies of these agreements and a detailed explanation of SCO's position if SCO contends that the exception to the prohibition on new SVRX Licenses by SCO was applicable; and

d. Any SVRX to UnixWare Conversions, including documentation for any allegedly valid conversions, a detailed explanation of how the alleged conversion complies with the APA and a detailed explanation of SCO's position if SCO contends that any of the exceptions to the prohibition on conversion by SCO were triggered.

Admits that Novell sent SCO a November 21, 2003 letter requesting the information set forth therein, but denies each and every other allegation in ¶ 106 (including subparagraphs a-d).

107.

Under the APA, SCO was obligated to provide this information. SCO substantially and materially breached §§ 1.2(b) and 1.2(f) of the APA by refusing to do so during the course of Novell's audit of the SVRX licensing program. Novell was forced to initiate suit against SCO to obtain this previously requested information.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 107; and to the extent ¶ 107 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

108.

On information and belief, SCO's breaches of §§ 1.2(b) and 1.2(f) of the APA have caused Novell damage in an amount to be later proven. In addition, these breaches have caused Novell special damages, including, inter alia, the costs associated with making repeated requests for information necessary to confirm SCO's compliance with its contractual obligations to administer SVRX licensing program, conducting further reviews of the limited information provided by SCO, attempting to estimate royalties owing based upon incomplete information provided, and initiating and maintaining suit against SCO due to SCO's breaches.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 108; and to the extent ¶ 108 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

109.

The legal remedies available to Novell for future failures by SCO to comply with its audit obligations under §§1.2(b) and 1.2(f) of the APA may be inadequate. Therefore, Novell seeks an order from this Court compelling SCO's specific performance of its aforementioned audit obligations under §§1.2(b) and 1.2(f).

Denies the allegations of ¶ 109; to the extent ¶ 109 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 109.

THIRD CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Breach of Contract: §§ 1.2(b) & 4.16(a) of the Asset Purchase Agreement)

110.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

111.

SCO has substantially and materially breached §§ 1.2(b) and 4.16(a) of the APA by failing to remit all royalties owed to Novell, including any royalties SCO obtained from its new SVRX Licenses with Sun or Microsoft or from its Intellectual Property Licenses with Linux end users or UNIX vendors.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 111; and to the extent ¶ 111 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.
112.

On information and belief, SCO's breaches of §§ 1.2(b) & 4.16(a) of the APA have caused Novell damage in an amount to be later proven. These breaches have caused Novell special damages, including, inter alia, the costs associated with attempting to ascertain from SCO the royalty amounts due to Novell and the unpaid royalty amounts and initiating and maintaining suit against SCO due to SCO's breaches.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 112; and to the extent ¶ 112 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

113.

The legal remedies available to Novell for future failures by SCO to comply with its royalty obligations under §§ 1.2(b) & 4.16(a) of the APA may be inadequate. Therefore, Novell seeks an order from this Court compelling SCO's specific performance of its remittance obligations under §§ 1.2(b) & 4.16(a) of the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 113; to the extent ¶ 113 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in 113.

114.

In addition, Novell seeks an order from this Court imposing a constructive trust on revenues received by SCO from its new SVRX Licenses with Sun and Microsoft, its Intellectual Property Licenses with Linux end users and UNIX vendors, and any other new or amended SVRX Licenses, as defined by the APA, executed by SCO without Novell's approval. Creation of this trust is necessary to protect Novell from SCO's wrongful retention of monies owing Novell due to SCO's failure to perform its remittance obligations under §§ 1.2(b) & 4.16(a) of the APA. As set forth above, Novell owns "all right, title and interest" to these royalties, less SCO's 5% administrative fee.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 114; to the extent ¶ 114 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 114.

115.

This trust should be imposed for the additional reason that SCO is quickly dissipating its assets. On information and belief, SCO's revenues are declining, its operational losses are increasing and its cash is dwindling quickly. As of April 30, 2006, SCO had just $9,524,000 in cash and cash equivalents, just a fraction of the revenue it purportedly generated as a result of the Sun and Microsoft licenses.

Admits that, as of April 30, 2006, SCO had a total of $9,524,000 in cash and cash equivalents, $9,100,000 in available-for-sale marketable securities, and $3,340,000 in restricted cash, of which $140,000 is designated to pay for experts, consultants, and other litigation expenses, and the remaining $3,200,000 of restricted cash is payable to Novell for its retained binary royalty stream; denies each and every other allegation in ¶ 115; to the extent ¶ 115 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 115.

116.

Novell also seeks an order from the Court attaching SCO's assets pending adjudication of this claim because SCO is quickly dissipating its assets.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 116; to the extent ¶ 116 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 116.

FOURTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Declaratory Relief: Rights and Duties under § 4.16(b) of the
Asset Purchase Agreement, § B of Amendment No. 2)

117.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

118.

Under § 4.16(b) of the APA, Novell has the right, at its sole discretion, to direct SCO to waive any rights under any SVRX Licenses. In the event that SCO fails to take any such action at Novell's direction, § 4.16(b) gives Novell the right to take any action on SCO's own behalf. SCO refused to perform its corresponding duties under § 4.16(b) and substantially and materially breached § 4.16(b) by:

a. Purporting to cancel or terminate SVRX licenses, including the IBM and Sequent SVRX licenses, and then refusing to waive these purported rights as directed by Novell; and

b. Refusing to recognize actions taken by Novell on SCO's behalf pursuant to § 4.16(b), including Novell's waiver of SCO's purported claims against IBM and Sequent.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 118; and to the extent ¶ 118 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

119.

Novell seeks a declaration pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 that:

a. Under § 4.16(b) of the APA, Novell is entitled, at its sole discretion, to direct SCO to waive its purported claims against IBM, Sequent and other SVRX licensees; and

b. Under § 4.16(b) of the APA, Novell is entitled to waive on SCO's behalf SCO's purported claims against IBM, Sequent and other SVRX licensees, when SCO refuses to act as directed by Novell; and

c. SCO is obligated to recognize Novell's waiver of SCO's purported claims against IBM and Sequent.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 119; to the extent ¶ 119 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 119.

120.

120. Under § 4.16(b) of the APA, SCO is obligated to seek Novell's prior approval to enter into new SVRX Licenses or amendments of SVRX Licenses, subject to limited exception. SCO did not perform its corresponding duties under § 4.16(b) and substantially and materially breached § 4.16(b) by:

a. Purporting to enter into new SVRX licenses without Novell's prior approval, including agreements with Sun, Microsoft and other licensees of SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses, without demonstrating that either of two limited exceptions was applicable; and

b. Purporting to enter into amendments of SVRX Licenses without Novell's prior approval, including agreements with Sun, Microsoft and other licensees of SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses, without demonstrating that a limited exception was applicable.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 120; and to the extent ¶ 120 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

121.

Novell seeks a declaration pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 that:

a. Under § 4.16(b) of the APA, SCO was obligated to seek Novell's prior approval to enter into new SVRX licenses or amendments to SVRX licenses, including SCO's agreements with Sun, Microsoft and other licensees of SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses; and

b. Under § 4.16(b) of the APA, SCO is obligated to seek Novell's prior approval to enter into new SVRX licenses or amendments to SVRX licenses, unless SCO can demonstrate to Novell that any exceptions to the prohibitions against new licenses and amendments by SCO are applicable.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 121; to the extent ¶ 121 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 121.

122.

Under § B of Amendment No. 2 to the APA, SCO is obligated to consult Novell and obtain Novell's approval before concluding any potential buy-out transaction with an SVRX licensee. SCO did not perform its corresponding duties under § B of Amendment No. 2 and substantially and materially breached § 4.16(b) by entering into the 2003 Agreement with Sun without consulting Novell or securing Novell's prior approval.

Admits that, after Santa Cruz thwarted Novell's unauthorized unilateral attempt in April 1996 to give IBM a buyout of its UNIX binary-royalty obligations and expand IBM's UNIX source code rights, Novell agreed to certain mutual obligations set forth in Amendment No. 2 concerning future potential buyouts by SVRX licensees of the binary royalties described in ¶¶ 15 and 152 above; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 122; and to the extent ¶ 122 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

123.

Novell pleads in the alternative for a declaration pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 that SCO had no authority to enter into the Sun and Microsoft SVRX Licenses, as well as the Intellectual Property Licenses with Linux end users and UNIX vendors.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 123; to the extent ¶ 123 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 123.

FIFTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Declaratory Relief: Rights and Obligations Under APA's Covenant of Good
Faith and Fair Dealing)

124.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

125.

The APA incorporates a covenant of good faith and fair dealing whereby each party agrees to work with the other to fulfill the purposes of the contract.

Admits the allegation of ¶ 125.

126.

The APA granted Novell broad audit rights to verify SCO's compliance with the APA, as well as rights to approve (subject to limited exception) new SVRX licenses and amendments to SVRX licenses. The APA also granted Novell the right to direct SCO to amend, supplement, modify or waive any rights under any SVRX license, and to act on SCO's behalf if SCO fails to take such direction.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 126; and to the extent ¶ 126 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

127.

Under the APA, SCO was obligated to administer the SVRX License Program, subject to the additional duties provided in §§ 1.2(b), 1.2(f) and 4.16.

Admits that, under the APA, SCO was obligated to administer the intended binary royalty stream described in ¶ 15, above; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 127; and to the extent ¶ 127 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

128.

SCO failed to abide by these obligations under the APA and therefore substantially and materially breached the APA's covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 128; and to the extent ¶ 128 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

129.

Novell seeks a declaration pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 that SCO is obligated under the APA to:

a. Comply with Novell's exercise of its audit rights under §§ 1.2(b) and 1.2(f) by providing information requested concerning new SVRX licenses and amendments to SVRX licenses;

b. Seek Novells prior approval before entering into new SVRX licenses or amendments to SVRX licenses, or otherwise demonstrate that an exception to the prohibition against new licenses or amendments by SCO is applicable;

c. Amend, supplement, modify or waive any rights under any SVRX License to the extent so directed in any manner or respect by Novell in its sole discretion; and

d. Accept actions taken by Novell on SCO's behalf when SCO fails to take such action in (c) above as directed by Novell.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 129; to the extent ¶ 129 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 129.

130.

Novell further seeks a declaration pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 that Novell is the equitable owner of the SVRX Royalties, and that SCO is obligated under the APA to remit to Novell all royalties, fees and other amounts arising out of the 2003 Sun and Microsoft licenses, SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses, and any additional past or future SVRX Licenses as defined in the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 130; to the extent ¶ 130 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 130.

SIXTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Constructive Trust/Restitution/Unjust Enrichment)

131.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

132.

Novell holds "all right, title and interest," including equitable interest, to the SVRX Royalties as defined in the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 132; and to the extent ¶ 132 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

133.

SCO has wrongfully retained in part or in full portions of all SVRX Royalties to which Novell was entitled under the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 133; and to the extent ¶ 133 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

134.

In addition, SCO has wrongfully retained a 5% administrative fee for administering the SVRX License Program but having failed to fulfill its administrative auditing duties under the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 134; and to the extent ¶ 134 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

135.

Novell seeks restitution of all monies constituting SCO's unjust enrichment, including all monies held by SCO in constructive trust for Novell pursuant to California Civil Code §§ 2223 and 2224.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 135; to the extent ¶ 135 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 135.

136.

Novell seeks an order from this Court imposing a constructive trust on revenues SCO unjustly received by failing to perform its administrative auditing and remittance obligations under the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 136; to the extent ¶ 136 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 136.

SEVENTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Breach of Fiduciary Duty)

137.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

138.

The APA creates an agency relationship between Novell and SCO whereby Santa Cruz assumed fiduciary duties to diligently collect, administer, and deliver to Novell all SVRX Royalties, which was defined to include "all royalties, fees and other amounts due under all SVRX Licenses." As Novell's agent, SCO has a fiduciary duty to Novell. This fiduciary duty includes a duty to "to collect and pass through to [Novell] one hundred percent (100%) of the SVRX Royalties," to "administer the collection of all royalties, fees and other amounts due under all SVRX Licenses," to "diligently seek to collect all such royalties, funds and other amounts when due" and to promptly remit to Novell all SVRX Royalties within a time period prescribed by the APA. The fiduciary duty of loyalty flowing from the agency relationship also prohibits SCO from profiting at Novell's expense.

Admits that, under Sections 1.2 and 4.16 of the APA, SCO agreed to collect and pass through to Novell 100% of the royalties that SCO then collected from then-existing SVRX licensees for their distribution of binary-code versions of System V products pursuant to sublicensing agreements; admits that, under Section 4.16, Novell agreed to pay SCO 5% of such binary royalties as an administrative fee; admits that ¶ 138 correctly (and once redundantly) quotes in part selected portions of Sections 1.2(b) and 4.16(a) of the APA; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 138; and to the extent ¶ 138 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

139.

From all times after execution of the APA to present, including during 2003, SCO has owed Novell fiduciary duties as a result of the APA's agency provisions.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 139; and to the extent ¶ 139 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

140.

SCO breached its fiduciary duties to Novell by failing to account for and pass through all royalties, fees and other amounts received from the 2003 Sun and Microsoft SVRX Licenses, SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses, and any additional past or future SVRX Licenses as defined in the APA. SCO also did not report to Novell on the royalties, fees and other amounts due under those agreements, as required by the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 140; and to the extent ¶ 140 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

141.

SCO further breached its fiduciary duties by failing to faithfully comply with the audit provisions of the APA. SCO failed to keep Novell fully informed as to all matters pertinent to Novell's interest in the SVRX Royalties. Instead, SCO hid the terms of the 2003 Sun and Microsoft SVRX Licenses and other SVRX Licenses from Novell for as long as it possibly could, in derogation of its fiduciary duties as Novell's administrative agent.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 141; and to the extent ¶ 141 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

142.

SCO's breaches of fiduciary duty have caused Novell damage in an amount to be later proven. In addition, these breaches have caused Novell special damages, including, inter alia, the costs associated with making repeated requests for information necessary to confirm SCO's compliance with its contractual obligations to administer SVRX licensing program, conducting further reviews of the limited information provided by SCO, attempting to estimate royalties owing based upon incomplete information provided, and initiating and maintaining suit against SCO for its breaches.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 142; and to the extent ¶ 142 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

143.

Novell also seeks an order from this Court imposing a constructive trust on revenues SCO unjustly received by failing to perform its administrative auditing and remittance obligations under the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 143; to the extent ¶ 143 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 143.

EIGHTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Conversion)

144.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

145.

Novell holds "all right, title and interest" to the SVRX Royalties, as set forth in §§ 1.2 and 4.16 of the APA.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 145; and to the extent ¶ 145 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

146.

In 2003, SCO entered into SVRX Licenses with Sun Microsystems and Microsoft. SCO received millions of dollars worth of SVRX Royalties, as defined by the APA, from these licenses. SCO has also entered into other SVRX Licenses as defined in the APA, including but not limited to SCO's Intellectual Propert y Licenses.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 146; and to the extent ¶ 146 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

147.

SCO converted Novell's property by intentionally and maliciously failing to remit any monies flowing from the 2003 Sun and Microsoft Agreements to Novell and other SVRX Licenses as defined by the APA. This wrongful exercise of dominion over the Sun and Microsoft SVRX Royalties, as well as the royalties, fees and other amounts arising from these other SVRX Licenses, resulted in damage to Novell in an amount to be later proven.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 147; and to the extent ¶ 147 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

148.

SCO's conversion also has caused Novell special damages including, inter alia, the costs associated with making repeated requests for information necessary to confirm SCO's compliance with its contractual obligations to administer SVRX licensing program, attempting to estimate royalties owing based upon incomplete information provided, and initiating and maintaining suit against SCO for its breaches.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 148; and to the extent ¶ 148 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

149.

Novell seeks an order from this Court imposing a constructive trust on the SVRX Royalties wrongfully withheld by SCO. In the alternative, Novell seeks a writ of replevin, ordering the immediate return of the wrongfully withheld royalties.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 149; to the extent ¶ 149 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 149.

150.

SCO's wrongful conversion was done maliciously, with the intent of harming Novell for its own financial gain. Accordingly, Novell seeks an award of punitive damages against SCO in an amount to be proven at trial.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 150; to the extent ¶ 150 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required; and states that Novell is not entitled to the relief it seeks in ¶ 150.

NINTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF
(Accounting)

151.

Novell incorporates by reference all prior paragraphs as if they were set forth here in full.

Repeats and re-alleges its answers to all prior paragraphs as if those answers were fully set forth herein.

152.

Under the agency relationship between Novell and SCO created by the APA, SCO assumes fiduciary duties to diligently collect, administer, and deliver to Novell all SVRX Royalties and to account for these royalties. In particular, SCO agreed to collect and pass through to Novell 100% of the SVRX royalties as defined and described in Section 4.16 of the APA, while Novell agreed to pay an administrative fee of 5% of the SVRX Royalties. SCO was also responsible for making additional royalties and payments to Novell.

Admits that, under Sections 1.2 and 4.16 of the APA, SCO agreed to collect and pass through to Novell 100% of the royalties that SCO then collected from then-existing SVRX licensees for their distribution of binary-code versions of System V products pursuant to sublicensing agreements; admits that, under Section 4.16, Novell agreed to pay SCO 5% of such binary royalties as an administrative fee; admits that SCO was responsible for making additional payments to Novell for products unrelated to the SVRX licenses and this litigation; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 152; and to the extent ¶ 152 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

153.

Under section 1.2(b) of the APA, Novell was entitled to "periodic audits" of SCO concerning "all royalties and payments due to [Novell] . . . ." Under section 4.16(a), SCO was required to "diligently seek to collect all [SVRX] royalties . . . and [to] investigate and perform appropriate auditing and enforcement under [the SVRX] licenses." SCO was also required to provide regular audit reports to Novell on the SVRX royalties and the other royalties under section 1.2(f) of the APA, including a breakdown of these royalties based on facts peculiar to the knowledge of SCO acting as Novell's administrative agent.

Admits the allegations of the first two sentences and the main clause of the third sentence of ¶ 153 to the extent the terms "SVRX royalties" and "SVRX licenses" refer only to the intended binary royalty stream described in ¶¶ 15 and 152, above; denies the each and every allegation of ¶ 153; and to the extent ¶ 153 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

154.

Under the APA, the amounts due Novell were determined and verified on the basis of the audits required under the APA. The right to an accounting of the royalties and payments due to Novell under the SVRX licenses and other provisions of the APA was inherent in the APA.

Admits the allegations of the first sentence of ¶ 154 to the extent they refer to the intended binary royalty stream described in ¶ 15 and ¶ 152, above, and to payments for products unrelated to the SVRX licenses and this litigation; denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 154; and to the extent ¶ 154 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

155.

SCO has failed to fulfill its duties under the audit provisions of the APA, and substantially and materially breached those provisions.

Denies the allegations of ¶ 155; and to the extent ¶ 155 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

156.

Between the time the APA was concluded and the present, there have been hundreds of customers responsible for making royalty payments to SCO under the SVRX Licenses or under other agreements relating to royalty bearing products. SCO was obligated under the APA to receive and administer these royalty payments and share them with Novell.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 156 only to the extent the phrase "royalty payments to SCO under the SVRX Licenses" is limited to the binary royalties described in ¶¶ 15 and 152, above.

157.

Under the APA, royalty payments under the SVRX licenses or other agreements relating to royalty bearing products were to be paid to Novell through SCO. The amount of royalties was calculated through a specified formula.

Admits the allegations of ¶ 157 only to the extent the phrase "royalty payments under the SVRX licenses" refers only to the binary royalty stream described in ¶¶ 15 and 152, above.

158.

On information and belief, SCO has entered into new and/or amendments of the SVRX licenses with Sun and Microsoft, as well as with Linux end users under SCO's Intellectual Property Licenses. SCO failed to seek approval to enter into these licenses, and explain why it was not obligated to obtain Novell's advance approval. During the course of Novell's audit of SCO's compliance with the SVRX licensing program, SCO also failed to report these licenses, to provide the relevant documentation as requested by Novell, and to account for or pass through to Novell the sums SCO collected from these licenses. These failures constitute a substantial and material breach of the APA, as well as a breach of SCO's fiduciary duties.

Admits that SCO did not seek Novell's approval before entering into the intellectual property agreements or Sun and Microsoft agreements; admits that, because those agreements are not "SVRX Licenses" as intended under the APA, SCO did not report those agreements to Novell, did not provide Novell with documentation related to them, and did not pass through to Novell payments corresponding to them; denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations o9 158; and to the extent ¶ 158 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

159.

Given the large number of customers currently responsible for making royalty payments to SCO under the SVRX licenses or under other agreements relating to royalty bearing products, the complexity of the formulas by which these royalty payments are calculated, the fact that SCO receives directly all these royalty payments without immediate notice to Novell, and the fact that SCO has failed to fully account for the sums collected from these licenses as required by the APA (including, but not limited to, the SVRX licenses that SCO executed with Sun and Microsoft in 2003), it is impracticable for Novell to name a fixed sum that is owing with respect to these royalty payments without an accounting.

Admits that the binary royalty payments due to Novell under the APA are calculated by formula and that SCO directly receives those payments; denies each and every other allegation and the characterizations in 11159; and to the extent ¶ 159 purports to state a legal conclusion, states that no response is required.

160.

Novell therefore seeks an accounting for monies owed to Novell under the APA.

Denies the allegation that SCO owes Novell monies under the APA, and states that Novell is not entitled to an accounting.

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Novell prays for judgment as follows:

161.

For actual and special damages, in an amount to be proven at trial, caused by SCO's slander of Novell's title to the UNIX Copyrights;

States that the enumerated ¶¶ 161-178 of Novell's Prayer for Relief include requests for relief as to which no response is required. To the extent a response is required, SCO denies that Novell is entitled to the requested or any relief.

162.

For punitive damages in an amount to be proven at trial for SCO's malicious and willful conduct in slandering Novell's title to the UNIX Copyrights as alleged herein;

 
163.

For preliminary and permanent injunctive relief requiring SCO to withdraw its improperly registered claims to UNIX Copyrights;

 
164.

For actual and special damages, in an amount to be proven at trial, caused by SCO's breaches of §§ 1.2(b), 1.2(f) and 4.16 of the APA;

 
165.

For specific performance of future compliance with SCO's audit obligations under §§ 1.2(b) and 1.2(f) of the APA;

 
166.

For specific performance of future compliance with SCO's royalty obligations under §§ 1.2(b) and 4.16(a) of the APA;

 
167.

For an order imposing a constructive trust on the revenues remitted to SCO under new or amended SVRX Licenses; 168. For an order attaching SCO's assets pending adjudication of Novell's contract claims;

 
169.

For a writ of replevin, ordering the immediate return of the royalties wrongfully withheld by SCO;

 
170.

For declaratory relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201 establishing Novell's rights and SCO's obligations under § 4.16(b) and Amendment No. 2, as well as SCO's authority to undertake certain actions under § 4.16(b) and Amendment No. 2;

 
171.

For preliminary and permanent injunctive relief enforcing Novell's contractual rights under the APA, including injunctive relief barring SCO from taking actions inconsistent with or in violation of §§ 1.2(b), 1.2(f), 4.16(a) and 4.16(b);

 
172.

For declaratory relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2001 establishing Novell's rights and SCO's obligations under the covenant of good faith and fair dealing in the APA;

 
173.

For an order of restitution of all monies constituting SCO's unjust enrichment;

 
174.

For an accounting of the royalties remitted to SCO under the SVRX licenses and the monies owing to Novell under the APA;

 
175.

For punitive damages in an amount to be proven at trial for SCO's malicious and willful conduct in converting monies flowing from the 2003 Sun and Microsoft Agreements;

 
176.

For pre-judgment interest on any monetary recovery;

 
177.

For Novell's reasonable expenses and costs incurred, including without limitation attorneys' fees, in defending against SCO's Second Amended Complaint; and

 
178.

For such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper.

 

JURY TRIAL DEMAND

Counterclaim-plaintiff Novell hereby demands a trial by jury of any and all issues triable by a jury.

 
   

GENERAL DENIAL

SCO denies each and every allegation in Novell's Amended Counterclaims that is not specifically admitted herein.

   

AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES

   

SCO hereby asserts the following separate defenses to the purported causes of action in Novell's Counterclaims, without assuming any burden of proof that rests with Novell with respect to such defenses.

   

First Defense

   

Novell's slander-of-title counterclaim is barred by the absolute and conditional privileges enjoyed by SCO.

   

Second Defense

   

Novell's slander-of-title counterclaim is barred by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

   

Third Defense

   

Novell's counterclaims are barred, in whole or in part, by the doctrine of waiver.

   

Fourth Defense

   

Novell's counterclaims are barred, in whole or in part, by the doctrines of laches and delay.

   

Fifth Defense

   

Novell's counterclaims are barred, in whole or in part, by the doctrine of estoppel.

   

Sixth Defense

   

Novell's counterclaims are barred, in whole or in part, by the doctrine of unclean hands.

   

Seventh Defense

   

Novell's counterclaims are barred, in whole or in part, by the applicable statute of limitations.

   

Eighth Defense

   

Novell has failed to mitigate its alleged damages, and accordingly, any damages awarded to Novell should be reduced to the extent of its failure to mitigate.

   

Ninth Defense

   

Novell's counterclaims are barred, in whole or in part, by lack of causation. To the extent that Novell alleges (contrary to fact) that it has suffered damages, such damages were not proximately caused by any act or omission of SCO, or were not reasonably foreseeable, or both.

   

Tenth Defense

   

Novell's Amended Counterclaims fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.

   

WHEREFORE, plaintiff and counterclaim-defendant SCO demands judgment dismissing Novell's counterclaims with prejudice, along with such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper.

DATED: September 21, 2006

ANDERSON & KARRENBERG

/s/ Heather M. Sneddon
Thomas R. Karrenberg
John P. Mullen
Heather M. Sneddon

-and-

MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP
Michael A. Jacobs (pro hac vice)
Kenneth W. Brakebill (pro hac vice)

Attorneys for Novell, Inc.

DATED this 16th day of October, 2006.

Respectfully submitted,

HATCH, JAMES & DODGE, P.C.
Brent 0. Hatch
Mark F. James

BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP
Stephen N. Zack
Robert Silver
Smart H. Singer
Edward Normand


By /s/ Brent 0. Hatch

Counsel for The SCO Group, Inc.



  


Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply | 107 comments | Create New Account
Comments belong to whoever posts them. Please notify us of inappropriate comments.
Corrections here please.
Authored by: jbb on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 05:20 PM EDT
So they are easy to find.

---
You just can't win with DRM.

[ Reply to This | # ]

OT Here please.
Authored by: jbb on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 05:22 PM EDT
Clicky links are helpful. Instructions are on the bottom
of the "Post a Comment" page.

---
You just can't win with DRM.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Authored by: John Hasler on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 05:38 PM EDT
In ¶ 20 Novell writes:
> Novell and Santa Cruz were the only parties to the APA
> and its Amendments. SCO was not a party to the APA or its
> Amendments. SCO was originally incorporated on August 21,
> 1998 as a company called Caldera Systems, a developer and
> provider of Linux-based business solutions. SCO purports
> to be the successor in interest to Santa Cruz under the
> APA and its Amendments.

And SCO responds:

> Admits the allegations of the first three sentences of
> ¶ 20, but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 20.

So SCO denies being the successor in interest to Santa Cruz under the APA and
its Amendments. That should simplify the case a lot.

---
IOANAL. Licensed under the GNU General Public License

[ Reply to This | # ]

many words, mostly one basic point?
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 05:51 PM EDT
Seems like a lot of ink to describe one basic point: that SCO claims that
"SRVX License" means binary only, and SCO owns SRVX Source Code and
all SRVX Source license revenue, meanwhile Novell claims that Novell owns same.
I note that SCO's response to item 79 does not explicity confirm or deny
Novell's statement.

To an impartial observer, if any exist, would the APA make sense if it was read
to include binary revenues but not source revenues? After all if you have the
source, you can generate the binaries youself. Hence by SCO's reading, they
could immediately avoid paying Novell anything, simply by terminating all binary
licenses and replacing them with source licenses? And when the APA was signed,
that interpretation would logically have been agreed to by both sides?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Yes, But...
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 06:21 PM EDT
SCO contended that "Sun Microsystems bought out its license from Novell in 1994."

REPLY: Yep, that's what the letter said, but you didn't print what was between the lines and what we really meant.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Ugh!
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 06:24 PM EDT
If this wasn't so sick, it would be hilarious.

Particularly SCO's repeated references to Novell's attempting to redefine SVRX
licenses. Given that SCO's whole case is a redefinition of history, and that
their definition of the APA is at odds with the clear language of the APA, their
indignant accusations are doubly ridiculous.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 06:49 PM EDT
17 is interesting to me. While it seems SCO is trying to claim copy rights transfered.
Novells argument in 25. Seems to put supporting evidence to Novell's side. I do not see supporting evidence from the sco side. Sco does not sound convincing on this point.
However I do not see enough agreement on matter of fact for the law to just be applied on this point. That means a fact is not agreed to by both parties.

In 20. Sco does not maintain any basis for them to claim anything on the Novell and Santa Cruz agreement. Maybe that was just a mistake by sco. They meant to put something in there but did not. It certainly is not consistent with the rest of their argument.

21. Seems to have an error from Novell's side. The Unix trademark was transfered to The open group as I recall from reading on Groklaw (look at the history of the trademark on the us registration. A&TT had it. Novell had it. then the open group.
See The open groups website for some details on this

a Florida resident.

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCOX's reply to 8
Authored by: red floyd on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 06:52 PM EDT
So SCOX admits in 8 that SCO IP is improperly put into Linux. Unfortunately,
that wasn't part of Novell's counter claims.

---
I am not merely a "consumer" or a "taxpayer". I am a *CITIZEN* of the United
States of America.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Authored by: dmarker on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 06:58 PM EDT

If I were writing this (bottom) I might believe it prudent to change
"including (among other things) the copyrights"
to
"including (among other things) the legally enforceable copyrights"

DSM

Admits that the APA transferred to Santa Cruz "all of Seller's right, title
and interest in and to the assets and properties of Seller relating to the [UNIX
and UnixWare] Business," including (among other things) the copyrights in
UNIX and UnixWare, the assignment of thousands of contracts and licenses, source
code and binary code to UNIX and UnixWare, and the other assets listed in the
first sentence of ¶ 14; admits that Santa Cruz agreed to complete (subsequent to
the transaction set forth in the APA) a "Merged Product" for the Intel
platform; but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 14.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Authored by: Bill The Cat on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 07:51 PM EDT
SCO continues to harp about the "binary licenses" but, from what I can
tell, Novell had control of "Unix licenses" which would encompass
source, reconfiguration and binary licenses as well as any custom licenses.

Where did SCO come up with the concept of "binary license" only?


---
Bob Cherry

[ Reply to This | # ]

Counterclaim 92
Authored by: iksrazal on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 08:09 PM EDT
TSCOG replies:

"Admits that SCO did not seek Novell's prior written consent to terminate
the IBM and Sequent licenses; admits that Novell sent letters to SCO on June 9,
2003 and October 7, 2003, setting forth the statements therein; but denies each
and every other allegation of ¶ 92, including especially the allegation that the
terminated licenses were "SVR.X Licenses."

Does anyone know if TSCOG or Santa Cruz collected money from IBM or Sequent and
forwarded it to Novell, collecting their 5% ? I ask because by that action it
would suggest they agree that it is a SVRx license, wouldn't ?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Number 7 is interesting
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 09:20 PM EDT
"Admits the allegations of ¶ 7, except denies the allegation that AT&T
transferred to Novell only "active" UNIX licensing agreements."

The contract was signed by NOVELL and AT&T. How can SCO denies something
that is beyond their involvement ?.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 09:21 PM EDT
Interesting tactic at play here obviously.

Say I am a car salesman and I agree to sell cars and pass you
all the money and take my cut. Now I turn around and dismantle these cars and
sell somebody all the parts from said car in a box....did I sell a car and
therefore owe you the money or did I just sell parts and owe you nothing.

Now yes, I am trying to keep from laughing but it should prove to be a
interesting argument to say the least.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Denying something
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 09:33 PM EDT
Question for legal type poster here. SCO lawyer seem to deny everything. Is it
normal to deny something even if the argument / proof tend to support the
opposing lawyer (NOVELL) ?. The example is their binary only lisence argument.

[ Reply to This | # ]

  • Denying something - Authored by: WhiteFang on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 10:01 PM EDT
    • Wrong declaration - Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 11:59 PM EDT
    • Denying something - Authored by: PJ on Thursday, October 19 2006 @ 12:12 AM EDT
    • Admitting - Authored by: Anonymous on Thursday, October 19 2006 @ 07:39 AM EDT
      • Admitting - Authored by: Anonymous on Thursday, October 19 2006 @ 04:27 PM EDT
#34: Why deny planning?
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 09:41 PM EDT
Novell: "In June 2002, Caldera hired Darl McBride as its President and
Chief Executive Officer. Mr. McBride was responsible for the company's strategic
direction and planning."

SCO: "Admits that Caldera hired Darl McBride as its President and Chief
Executive Officer in June 2002 and that Mr. McBride was responsible for
Caldera's strategic direction, with input from other executives of the company;
but denies each and every other allegation of ¶ 34."

...with "each and every other allegation" being that McBride was
responsible for planning in addition to strategic direction.

What possible rationale is there for this? So Darl can defend his actions by
saying "I didn't plan on it blowing up in my (and SCO's) face"?
"I didn't plan for the eventuality that IBM would call our bluff"?

Or does he realize in full force, that HE is the fall guy and wants to spread
the blame around?

Shout out to Big D: your window of opportunity to sing is pretty much closed.

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCOX response paragraph #15 is lie
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 09:55 PM EDT
How is SCOX attorney's going avoid the Court's and Judge K finding they made
false statements.

Please APA section 4.16 and Amendment 1 to APA section E.

Both of these use text as "all SVRX licensee" and in section E clearly
states "binary SVRX licensee" and "source code SVRX
licensee" revenue is to remitted to Novell at 100%.

My question is how can SCOX attorney's pretend in the face of such clear
contract text to argue what they appear to be arguing? The contract language
does not contain anything remotely resembling what SCOX attorney's are claiming
in court.

I understand the laywer's are required to provide an aggressive defense of their
clients, but as officers of the court I thought they were prohibited from
asserting things which they know are clearly false!

[ Reply to This | # ]

Santa Cruz's conduct
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 10:05 PM EDT
If we knew how Santa Cruz conducted themselves wrt their contract with Novell,
we would have an indication of what they understood the meaning of the contract
to be. Do we have any idea of who they collected money from and for what?

If they did things that SCO says they don't have to do then that pretty much
sinks SCO's ship. Given the general mess around this case I find it interesting
that more attention hasn't been paid to Santa Cruz.

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCO's Binary License Theory Doesn't Add Up
Authored by: Anonymous on Wednesday, October 18 2006 @ 10:54 PM EDT
According to SCO:

Binary License = Royalty to Novell, and Novell waiver applies

Source License = No Royalty to Novell, and Novell waiver does not apply



Of course we can argue about whether SCO's theory make sense in terms of the APA
and the Amendments to it..

But let's look at it from another angle. Assume for a moment that SCO's theory
were correct, what would be the consequences.


CASE (1): IF SCO'S THEORY IS CORRECT + IBM IS A SOURCE LICENSE

1. IBM's license was amended and upgraded with "Amendment X", the
royalty buyout

2. this occurred after Santa Cruz bought the assets from Novell

3. the money was divided approx 96.5% to Novell, 3.5% to Santa Cruz

4. Contradictio: How can 3 be squared with the fact that according to SCO's
theory, that as a source license, Novell was entitled to nothing?


CASE (2): IF SCO'S THEORY IS CORRECT + IBM IS A BINARY LICENSE

1. In this case, then Novell's waiver ought to apply! Why are are SCO ignoring
it?


Quatermass
IANAL IMHO etc.

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCO ....states that no response is required.
Authored by: Anonymous on Thursday, October 19 2006 @ 12:57 AM EDT
When the judge/s smack these down as well, will SCO truly not respond?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Binary, As in two parts. The bit we actually sold you, and then the bit you thought you bought..
Authored by: Anonymous on Thursday, October 19 2006 @ 01:28 AM EDT
, or like in binary explosives. Don't mix them unexpectedly.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Comparative Chart of Novell's Counterclaims & SCO's Reply
Authored by: ThrPilgrim on Thursday, October 19 2006 @ 08:57 AM EDT
What is the leagle status of the headings?

If you change a heading and then deny everything in the document do you still
admit to the origanal heading?

[ Reply to This | # ]

New twist in 122's response
Authored by: vortex on Sunday, October 22 2006 @ 12:26 PM EDT

In their response to 122, tSCOg say something I've not heard from them before:

… after Santa Cruz thwarted Novell's unauthorized unilateral attempt in April 1996 to give IBM a buyout of its UNIX binary-royalty obligations and expand IBM's UNIX source code rights, Novell agreed to certain mutual obligations set forth in Amendment No. 2 concerning future potential buyouts by SVRX licensees of the binary royalties …

I've no idea how much of this is just their usual posturing, but it's interesting to see them saying why they think Ammendement No. 2 exists. Note, also, that it says Santa Cruz (i.e. oldSCO) rather than (as they've tended to do elsewhere) trying to make it sound as though they were the active party.

Does anyone know any more background on this ? What was going on between Novell, IBM and oldSCO ?

---
The citizens of the United States must effectively control the mighty commercial forces which they have themselves called into being. -- Theodore Roosevelt.

[ Reply to This | # ]

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