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Transcript of the March 1 Hearing in SCO v IBM
Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 10:20 AM EDT

Thanks to Groklaw's Chris Brown, we now have transcripts of all three summary judgment hearings in SCO v. IBM. This is the one from the first hearing, on March 1st. In that hearing, Judge Dale Kimball heard arguments on two motions, SCO's Motion for Summary Judgment on SCO's Third Cause of Action For Breach of Contract [PDF] and IBM's Motion for Summary Judgment on SCO's Contract Claims [PDF].

Steve Martin did the HTML for us, removing the line numbers for the sake of our readers who are blind and depend on screen readers. I am so grateful to them both for doing the heavy lifting for me.

In the first motion, we finally find out what "negative know how" means on Planet SCO. The second motion is the one about SCO's copyright infringement claim regarding IBM continuing to distribute AIX after SCO purported to terminate IBM's irrevocable and perpetual license for allegedly violating SCO's trade secrets, which SCO later admitted in open court Unix System V doesn't have.

Yes, it's all profoundly silly, but it's very interesting, and if I had to characterize the dominant theme of both motions, it would be JFS. IBM informs the court that JFS isn't from Unix. It doesn't come from AIX even. What IBM donated to Linux came from OS/2. So even if SCO had a trade secret or contract leg to stand on, it has no control or rights with regard to JFS.

IBM opens by explaining to the court what SCO's theory of the contract is, namely that if IBM wrote its own code, if it was ever put with Unix System V code in a distribution, IBM thereby lost control of it and SCO got to swallow it up, like some bottom feeding sea creature. Further, SCO got to gobble up IBM's modifications and derivative works too, even if IBM spent millions on development. And they call the GPL "viral"! SCO, by its theory, would control pretty much all the code in the known universe, no matter who wrote it, and most of the programmers in the world too. Who'd ever sign such a deal? Not IBM, for sure, as David Marriott demonstrates by playing clips from various depositions for the court.

SCO's Stuart Singer seems confused on some dates and some tech. He says this, in his opening:

The UNIX operating system developed by AT&T was its crown jewel. It is the operating system of choice for mission critical application, and it became in the 1990s the leading operating system worldwide. Now, major computer companies like IBM wanted to adopt that system for their own hardware. They had a choice. They could come up with their own operating system. In fact, IBM tried. It is called OS2. It failed. IBM, like others, struck a deal with AT&T. Give us access to your source code so that we can develop our own flavor of UNIX that will run better on our hardware.

But from the Comes v. Microsoft exhibits, we've learned that OS/2 certainly had not failed by 1985, the date of the IBM/AT&T agreement as it was still being developed and strategized over and released in 1990, so Mr. Singer has it backwards. So often, SCO's side makes these kinds of mistakes. I've often wondered if that is part of why they present absurd theories. He says this about derivative works:

What they could not do is exactly what IBM has done here, give away that head start by open sourcing of derivative technology that they would never have had if it weren't for access in the first place to System V, and to allow a jump-start to Linux, which has had a tremendous effect on SCO's business.

IBM didn't need Unix System V to write JFS. Do you need to have Unix System V to write RCU? Remember that IBM patented RCU. Marriott already told the court that *nothing* at issue here is from Unix System V:

Now, we'll come back to those technologies in detail, but let me make a few things absolutely clear about those technologies from the outset. None of that material, Your Honor, is UNIX System V source code, methods or concepts. None of that material is a modification or a derivative work of Unix System V. None of it was contributed to Linux by reference to UNIX System V, which this is original IBM work created independent of UNIX System V.

IBM's David Marriott explains the negative know-how business:

Lastly, Your Honor, the negative know-how category. This is a category of 11 items of supposedly misused information. We lay this out at tab 64. There are two basic brands of claim as it relate to these 11 items. One of them concerns experience. Here is what SCO's claim is as it relates to the experience. It says, as we show at tab 65, Judge, it says IBM has breached its contract by permitting IBM developers exposed to DYNIX PTX methods and concepts to contribute to Linux in the same area for each developer's work. So anybody that had any exposure to DYNIX can't work in connection with any other operating system in that area. That is the claim.

With respect to the negative know-how, which also appears at 65, the gist of the claim is that people who had some knowledge about DYNIX told people who were working on Linux not to do certain things in DYNIX that they don't think worked. SCO has identified 16 supposed wrongdoers as it relates to these 11 categories....

And for that, SCO wants billions in damages? First, Marriott points out, all those folks have provided declarations:

Here is what they said. They didn't make any contributions to the files or the directories listed, or they didn't base their contributions to the list of files on UNIX System V in making the contributions.

And second, the contracts don't speak about negative know how at all:

First, Your Honor, the agreements which SCO contends were breached, Your Honor, do not contain any provision which would allow it to preclude IBM employees from using their experience and their general know-how in working on projects other than the one on which they are presently working. There is no connection drawn in SCO's interrogatory answers or in its paper between the contract and this claimed notion of misuse of experience....

For two of these items, and, again, this is undisputed, for two of these items, Your Honor, 188 and 187, the technology which SCO alleges was misused didn't even exist in DYNIX. For another two of the items, 43 and 94, the material had nothing to do with DYNIX PTX. It was discoverable outside of IBM. For five of the items there is absolutely no evidence that the alleged wrongdoers had any experience in the technology area where they were supposed to have misused it in some other area. SCO admits that with respect to four of them. With respect to items 23 and 90, Your Honor, for two of the items the material was disclosed in marketing materials, and in footnote ten of SCO's opposition papers, it says that any such disclosure -- if the material is inactionable anyway. Finally, item 189, Your Honor, was based on knowledge available in public literature.

In fact, he continues, SCO already admitted that there are no trade secrets, and it dropped that claim, so where do they get off now trying to "protect" any supposed secret knowledge, whether negative or not? Not to mention that Magistrate Judge Brooke Wells told SCO to provide specificity, and to date that hasn't happened. For that reason alone, IBM says it deserves to prevail. Finally, SCO's theory reaches an absurd result, in that if their theory is accepted, programmers ever exposed to Unix System V would be pretty much unemployable in their field of skill and expertise from that day forward:

If SCO's theory is correct that anybody with any experience, not just with UNIX System V, but any modification or derivative work of UNIX System V, is severely constrained in their employment, and that is contrary to public policy as the cases in our papers make clear....

SCO's theory is, finally, inconsistent with IBM's rights of ownership. It admits that IBM owns the material at issue. It admits that ownership carries with it the exclusive right to distribute, and yet they take the position, Your Honor, that would nullify as a practical matter IBM's rights of ownership.

This is all truly absurd, the result, IBM says, of "a distorted reading of Section 2.01 of the agreement", none of which applies to the code at issue, since they are not "resulting material" as defined in the agreement. Finally, SCO's CEO Darl McBride, in his deposition, contradicted SCO's argument about controlling AIX, Marriott points out in arguing the second motion:

Mr. McBride, the CEO of the SCO group, Your Honor, testified in his deposition in a way that is completely contrary to the proposition that SCO can control anything and everything that is in the AIX operating system. He said the following, quote, I am sure there are things inside of AIX that were not derived from System V or from one of our contractual arrangements, that they would be free to do whatever they wanted.

Both JFS, developed for OS/2, and RCU, patented by IBM, would seem to fall under that very McBride umbrella. Marriott:

SCO's theory depends on the proposition that AIX is a derivative work of AT&T's UNIX System V software, for which we don't believe there is adequate evidence in the record, despite Mr. Singer's assertions to the contrary, but assume that it is, Your Honor, the JFS contribution came from IBM's OS2 operating system and it did not come from IBM's AIX operating system.

Not only that, but if SCO did have any rights in JFS, it handed them over to UnitedLinux. I'm afraid SCO's experts, once again, come off looking not so expert:

The individual identified by SCO as having made these supposedly improper contributions have offered their testimony, the people in the best position to know that it came from OS2 and not from IBM's AIX operating system. SCO's claim that it came from IBM's AIX operating system, Your Honor, is mistaken for the reasons which we set out at tab 13 of our book. It relies principally if not entirely upon the testimony of SCO's Dr. Ivie, and that analysis, Your Honor, relies upon evidence that was required to be put in SCO's final disclosures, and that it didn't put in those final disclosures, and that Magistrate Judge Wells struck at a hearing late last year, an issue in which SCO has taken an appeal.

The only evidence they purport even to offer, Your Honor, that could competently demonstrate that and they argue is that of Mr. Ivie. Mr. Ivie's testimony was untimely provided and it can't support the motion. In any event, Your Honor, Mr. Ivie's testimony is not competent evidence that JFS came from the AIX operating system as opposed to the OS2 operating system. Dr. Ivie says that there is a similarity between the JFS contribution and the JFS that is in AIX. Well, that is not a surprising similarity, Your Honor, because the JFS contribution in AIX came from IBM's OS2 operating system, so the similarity on which he relies for these opinions is not a similarity that has any probative effect. That is point one, Your Honor, as to why the JFS contribution allegations fail.

And whatever does SCO mean by calling Paul McKenney, as you will see, an "IBM secret programmer"? You see how SCO's theories over and over hit the rocks? Or as Marriott puts it, they fall flat? I've concluded that either SCO never understood the tech, or they are pretending not to, in hopes the judge won't know the difference. I don't know what to say about the experts, because without reading what they wrote, it's impossible to know, and I have found it best not to rely solely on SCO's characterizations of anything. I sincerely hope Judge Kimball follows that same careful course and checks every word for accuracy.

SCO's Mr. Singer, as always, is very persuasive, and if one knew nothing about the tech, he might prevail. But then he says such silly things sometimes, it undercuts his arguments, if you do know the tech. When you read his argument about what Linux needs to run, you'll guffaw. But as for any predictions, the attorneys refer to so many documents that we can't see, it's not actually reasonable to predict anything. Remember that all SCO needs to do is raise one pertinent fact in dispute. It's a very low bar. If you held a gun to my head and said I had to predict or else, I'd say if the judge understands the tech, he'll rule for IBM on the first motion, and the second motion is such a slam dunk, I don't see any way SCO can prevail.

Wait a sec. We have these transcripts *before* PACER does. Uh oh. Shoutout to the SCO Smear-Groklaw Brigade. How in the world could Groklaw have these documents before they are digitally available to the world? Did IBM send them to us?

No, you silly wabbits.

Here's how we do it. You start with a paralegal who has filed many court documents and thus knows how the system works. Add thousands of volunteers in every state willing to trudge to the courthouse. Pick a couple of volunteers in Utah, explain the system, and ask them to go to the courthouse, get to know the very pleasant clerks and court reporters, and pick up the documents. When necessary pay for them. These transcripts, for example, cost Groklaw $254, which the Groklaw community's generous contributions paid for. See the tip boxes? By the way, thank you, everyone.

It's a technique any journalist could follow, if they knew how and had volunteers in every state, like Groklaw does. There's really no mystery.

That's America, for you. The public gets to know what is going on in the legal process, even if they have no in with anybody, no pull, no inside track. And may I just mention here that from our experience, the court personnel in Utah are about as nice as they come? Of course, dealing with court clerks in New York City might have tilted my expectations of courtesy. You know who you are.

: )

But let me say this: if SCO or IBM or Novell ever wanted to send me free copies of their filings, as a journalist I'd be very grateful, and if it could be plain text, well, that would be heaven. And if SCO ever wants to donate money to Groklaw, hey, why not? Joke, joke.

Of course, the latest smears are not true, to be serious for a minute. Groklaw isn't a front for anybody. Groklaw is trying to speak as an independent voice for the one group that isn't directly represented in this litigation, the Linux and FOSS community. You know. The guys who wrote the code being fought over? Or we thought it was that code. It turns out it wasn't at all. SCO just got media interest by making such a claim. Now, in the end game, it's all about "negative know how" and JFS that IBM wrote itself and methods and concepts and various other litigious spinach. But at the beginning, the whole world thought it was about Linux, and if Groklaw had thought the parties could represent the community's interests fully, there would have been no need for Groklaw.

Chris made a PDF, showing the line numbers, for those who want to see it exactly as it is in the original form, and of course, as always, for anything that matters, that's the version to go by. As for perceived errors, it is what it is. We don't change so much as a comma in the transcripts, even if we see what we think is an obvious error. Our job is to present the document exactly as is, with the only exception being that we do remove the line numbering, in honor of our readers who are blind and need to use screen readers. If the numbers are left in, it's very hard for them to follow along. So what I'm saying is that there is no need to list corrections for material in the transcripts, unless you wish to present a factual correction for the record. My stuff is fully correctable, as always. I will just mention that on page 65, Marriott mispoke (or it was recorded incorrectly), when he says, "There is absolutely no evidence that IBM has continued to distribute AIX." Rather, if you recall from the declarations submitted as exhibits and IBM's brief, it's Dynix that IBM didn't continue to distribute and in fact had stopped distributing before SCO even raised the issue in the litigation. IBM still distributes AIX.

Remember that transcribers have a really hard job, having to capture every word in real time, and people sometimes talk very fast or not so clearly, and there are proper names that they must guess how to spell, if the lawyers don't think to tell them. I want to personally thank them for the job they do, and I'm very thankful that the US court system allows the public to follow cases that matter to them, even if we are nobody.

You'll notice they begin by talking about timing, taking some time from this hearing to add it to the next one. Yes, that means exactly what you think, that the lawyers practice in advance what they intend to say and time it, knowing they must stay within firm time constraints. Why do courts do that? Because otherwise, some lawyers will talk on and on forever. Actually, SCO's Brent Hatch goes a bit overtime on the second motion.

Speaking of long-winded, I'll have to pass on commenting on the other two transcripts today, and leave them for when and if I get another wind. This one has me tuckered out, even with Chris and Steve's wonderful help, and for sure, SCO got one thing right: the motion papers and briefs in this litigation are longer than War and Peace.

******************************

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF UTAH
CENTRAL DIVISION

THE SCO GROUP, )
Plaintiff, )
vs. ) CASE NO. 2:03-CV-294DAK
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS )
MACHINES CORPORATION, )
Defendant. )
_______________________________ )

BEFORE THE HONORABLE DALE A. KIMBALL
------------------------------------
March 1, 2007

Motion Hearing

Ed Young
Court Reporter
[address]

1

APPEARANCES

For Plaintiff: BRENT HATCH
[address]

EDWARD NORMAND
[address]

STUART SINGER
[address]
For Defendant: DAVID MARRIOTT
MICHAEL BURKE
[address]

AMY SORENSON
TODD SHAUGHNESSY
[address]

2

March 1, 2007 2:30 p.m.

PROCEEDINGS

THE COURT: We're here this afternoon in the matter of SCO v. IBM, 2:03-CV-294.

For plaintiff Mr. Brent Hatch and Mr. Edward Normand and Mr. Stuart Singer.

MR. SINGER: Good afternoon, Your Honor.

THE COURT: Good afternoon.

For defendant, Mr. David Marriott and --

MR. MARRIOTT: Good afternoon.

THE COURT: -- Ms. Amy Sorenson, Mr. Michael Burke and Mr. Todd Shaughnessy.

MR. SHAUGHNESSY: Good afternoon, Your Honor.

THE COURT: I understand that you want more time on Wednesday. We can start at 2:00 on Wednesday, so you have the extra 20 minutes that somebody is asking for.

MR. SINGER: We appreciate that, Your Honor.

MR. MARRIOTT: Thank you, Your Honor.

THE COURT: 2:00 on Wednesday.

I have a jury out, and if a verdict comes in, then you can all go somewhere else while we get the jury back in to take the verdict. That has to take precedence. Sorry about that.

First we have IBM's motion on summary judgment on

3

SCO's contract claims, and SCO's motion for partial summary judgment or SCO's third cause of action for breach of contract. 45 minutes per side.

Who is going first?

MR. MARRIOTT: I believe that is me, Your Honor.

THE COURT: Go ahead.

No one is required to take all of the time asked for, but --

MR. MARRIOTT: Thank you.

THE COURT: You, of course, can.

MR. MARRIOTT: We have prepared a book of exhibits, if I may approach for the Court's convenience?

THE COURT: Sure.

MR. MARRIOTT: We have a copy for counsel.

THE COURT: Thank you.

MR. MARRIOTT: Referring Your Honor to tab one, if I may, of the book, there are four contracts that underlie SCO's claims for breach of contract: The IBM software agreement, the IBM sublicensing agreement, the Sequent software agreement, and the Sequent sublicensing agreement. And SCO has a separate claim or count with respect to each of those four contracts. IBM is, we respectfully submit, entitled to summary judgement with respect to each of those counts for at least four reasons which are set out at tab two of our book.

THE COURT: And they are also in your briefs.

4

MR. MARRIOTT: And they are also in our briefs.

What we would like to do, with the Court's permission, is focus in the few minutes that we have on the first three of those reasons. And then I would like to focus, Your Honor, on the particular technologies which are at issue on this motion, those things which SCO contends were contributed improperly by IBM to Linux. Those appear, Your Honor, at tab four of the book.

Let me make clear, if I may, from the outset, something about those four items of technology. First is the JFS contribution, which is a contribution SCO contends was made by IBM to Linux in violation of the IBM agreements. That is the first category.

The next three categories are the RCU contribution, the LTP contribution, and certain negative know-how and experience. The allegation by SCO is that those contributions were contributed by IBM to Linux in violation of the Sequent agreements. Now, we'll come back to those technologies in detail, but let me make a few things absolutely clear about those technologies from the outset. None of that material, Your Honor, is UNIX System V source code, methods or concepts. None of that material is a modification or a derivative work of Unix System V. None of it was contributed to Linux by reference to UNIX System V, which this is original IBM work created independent of UNIX System V. That brings me, Judge,

5

to the first of the four points I would like to underscore.

First, Your Honor, is that SCO can't establish a breach of contract and that is true for three reasons. The first reason is the plain language of these agreements forecloses SCO's theory. Second is that the parol evidence, the overwhelming parol evidence forecloses the theory. The third is that SCO's theory is patently unreasonable, as I intend to demonstrate and, therefore, untenable under the controlling cases.

As I said, there are four contracts at issue. Two of those are the sublicensing agreements. SCO has not offered in its papers a shred of evidence to demonstrate that IBM breached the sublicensing agreement. It has not identified which provision it breached. It has not identified any evidence of breach and it has not explained a breach. For that reason alone, the two counts related to those contracts, counts two and four, are disposed of without further analysis.

That leaves the remaining two claims concerning the software agreements. Your Honor, let me take the three points as to why summary judgment is appropriate as to each of those. First, the plain language. There is no dispute here that the contracts at issue concern software product, AT&T's UNIX System V material. There is also no dispute that IBM has not contributed to Linux any UNIX System V material. The entire case as it concerns SCO's contracts turns on the so-called

6

Section 2.01 of the agreement, the resulting material provision.

That section, however, Your Honor, speaks about the licensee having the right to prepare modifications and derivative works, provided the resulting materials are treated under the contract as confidential. You'll see that language at tab nine of the book. It is undisputed, as I said at the outset, that none of the four categories of material at issue is resulting material. None of it is a modification and derivative work of System V. For that reason alone the claim fails.

Now, faced, Your Honor, with that fact, SCO contends that Section 2.01 not only gives it rights with respect to UNIX System V, and modifications and derivative works, but anything that ever touches or is in any way associated with the modification and derivative works of UNIX System V. That we respectfully submit stretches the meaning and the language of Section 2.01 to an absurd degree.

If I may illustrate, Your Honor. If you imagine and if you look at the demonstrative to Your Honor's left and to my right, that is a depiction of the Linux operating system. You'll see a series of circles with particular chunks or pieces in it. Imagine you have a product, Your Honor, with 1,000 different pieces to it. Those pieces represent various components of the system. So imagine you have this and this is

7

Your Honor's product and you have 990 of these pieces, if there are 1,000, and they are Your Honor's. They are your own original work.

Well, imagine that you want to license from others additional material and to add them to your product, and you take the additional ten that make up the 1,000 and you license them to party A and party B and party C. Let's just assume that one of the items that Your Honor licenses from a third party is licensed from SCO. It is AT&T's UNIX System V software. Let's assume that the contracts mean what SCO says they mean. Your Honor, under SCO's theory of the case, not only is Your Honor -- this is your product which you have licensed other people's materials in part, ten of the 990, under SCO's theory, Your Honor, not only are you required to keep confidential the one part of the 1,000 that you licensed from SCO, you're required to keep confidential the entirety of the product, so as to keep confidential the one.

That does not make SCO's case, Your Honor, because IBM has neither disclosed the one, nor has it disclosed in entirety of the product. So SCO's theory goes to another level. It says you are required, owner of this product, the 1,000 items, to keep confidential anything and everything that is in it, even if you take it out, and even if you license it from a third party who says to you you can do with it what you want, and even if you take out the one item, Judge, and put it

8

on the shelf, that material and those 1,000 items, 990 of which are your original work under SCO's theory are controlled by them. You might own them, they say, but they control them.

If you take it out, take out your one and you put it in another product, under their theory they also control the other product, and whatever the other components are in that product. That, Your Honor, we would respectfully submit is not a reasonable construction of Section 2.01 of the agreement.

The second point I want to make concerns the parol evidence. The overwhelming parol evidence here, Your Honor, compels the conclusion that SCO's theory is not a reasonable construction of the agreement. By the plain language, Your Honor, parol evidence ought not to be considered. In the event that Your Honor considers it, we would submit, and it is overwhelmingly in favor of IBM's construction, there are ten individuals, and we called them involved persons in our papers, who were involved in the execution and the negotiations of these agreements, five of them from AT&T, three of them from IBM, two of them from Sequent. They appear on the scene before Your Honor. Those individuals have offered specific, and we believe undisputed testimony, that refutes SCO's theory of the case. If we may share with Your Honor some clips from their depositions.

Mr. Wilson.

(WHEREUPON, the following deposition clips were

9

played.)

MR. WILSON: The only part of the derivative work that would have to be protected under the software agreement would be that portion of the software product that would be contained in a derivative work.

To the extent that modifications of derivative work contained portions of the software product, they were to protect the software product portion under the terms of the license agreement, that portion which was theirs, whatever, they can do whatever.

The intent was to make sure that we protected the software product. To the extent that they used that software product and created works which were original works, that was up to them to do what they pleased with those things.

When you say those things, you mean that portion of a derivative work that they had developed and that in your view they owned; is that correct?

That's correct.

MR. MARRIOTT: That was the head of AT&T's licensing business.

(WHEREUPON, the following deposition clips were played.)

Mr. Wilson.

If they created a derivative work and the derivative work contained zero content of the software product, then they

10

could do as they wish. If that contained portions of the software product, then they had to abide by the terms and conditions of the agreement with regard to that portion that contained the derivative work, contained the software product. Our agreements only went to the software product itself, not to their original created works.

MR. MARRIOTT: This is the man for AT&T that signed --

(WHEREUPON, the following deposition clips were played.)

David Frasure.

With respect to the agreements that IBM entered into with AT&T, is it your understanding that AT&T through those agreements had any right to control IBM's use of source code that it developed on its own?

They had no right to control that software that was developed by IBM.

With respect to the agreements that Sequent entered into with AT&T, is it your understanding that AT&T through those agreements, gained any right to control Sequent's use of the source code that it developed on its own?

They did not gain any rights to control the software developed by Sequent.

Was it the case that from AT&T Technologies' perspective that the licensee could do whatever it wanted with

11

the source code it developed?

Yes.

Michael DeFazio.

The basic idea is that the AT&T USL, Novell code was owned and protected by Novell. The code developed by our licensees was owned and controlled by them. When the two went together to market our rules prevailed. When the two were separate our rules prevailed on ours, and their rules prevailed on theirs.

Would you agree, Mr. DeFazio, that the agreements did not and do not give AT&T, USL and Novell or any of their successors or assigns the right to assert ownership or control over modifications and derivative works prepared by its licensees, except to the extent of the original UNIX System V source code included in such modifications and derivative works?

That's correct.

Stephen Vukasonvich.

And any code that IBM modified, in your view, under this provision, IBM thereafter owned?

They owned any modification. They owned their code that they developed, and we owned our code.

Ira Kistenberg.

By the terms of Section 2.01, did AT&T intend to restrict Sequent's rights to disclose code that Sequent

12

developed on its own?

If Sequent developed it on its own, AT&T had no rights to it.

My question is simply whether it was AT&T's understanding that Sequent would own the modifications and the derivative works that they prepared based on UNIX System V.

They owned it to do what they want with it, yes.

Were licensees of AT&T free to use and to disclose the modifications or derivative works they created provided they did not use or disclose any portion of licensed UNIX System V source code?

Yes.

Thomas Cronan.

In my discussions with AT&T what they were trying to protect were several derivative works. They were trying to protect their own System V code. They felt like they had to protect anything that was shipped around with their code in it. If we separated out our cord from their code they didn't need to protect it. That was our discussion.

Richard McDonough.

Another huge issue for us was ownership of whatever we developed, and we wanted to make it clear that whatever we developed we owned. We weren't making any claim to the code that AT&T owned and developed itself, but we wanted to make certain that anything we or our subcontractors or anybody

13

working for us developed, we owned and had the right to use and license.

I would just say that there is no way on God's green earth that I would have entered into an agreement where somebody else owned what IBM was investing tens of millions of dollars in developing. An agreement never would have happened. So we had to make it clear that whatever IBM developed IBM owned.

Jeffrey Mobley.

My understanding was that we were free to do whatever we wanted to do with the products we were developing.

David Rodgers.

My understanding of the license is that the UNIX System V code had to be maintained as the AT&T private property and withheld from disclosure, but if there were other elements of the software product created by Sequent, that those were Sequent's to dispose of as it chose.

Roger Swanson.

Those parts of the source code that we wrote were not required to be kept confidential under the terms of the agreement, but we could do with them as we saw fit.

The aspects of the derivative works that we developed, we could choose to disclose or not disclose. We had the ownership, we had the control. That was my understanding.

Once, again, that's precisely what our understanding

14

was, that once we had made modifications, we still had an obligation to protect that part of the UNIX System V material, according to the restrictions of the agreement, but that work that we had developed ourselves, the source code that we developed, was not included as a part of those confidentiality restrictions.

(WHEREUPON, the deposition clips were concluded.)

MR. MARRIOTT: These witnesses, Your Honor, have offered substantial additional testimony, and it is in the papers, and we have provided CD's in the book, and we have provided Your Honor with three hours of the same, should you feel like you need to see that.

THE COURT: I appreciate that.

MR. MARRIOTT: I thought you might.

In an attempt to avoid summary judgment, Your Honor, SCO has pointed to the declarations of a number of witnesses. They appear at tab 13 of the book. These people have the use of the contracts, which they never communicated to IBM as they were not a part of the negotiations, and a number of them were not employed by AT&T at the time the agreement were executed. Their testimony, we submit, is no impediment to the entry of summary judgment. As overwhelming parol evidence, the testimony of those who negotiated and executed these agreements, who communicated their views to IBM, is we submit overwhelming in favor of IBM and against SCO's theory.

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You looked like you had a question.

THE COURT: I don't.

MR. MARRIOTT: The third reason, Your Honor, why the contract claims fail is that SCO's theory is, as we show in the book at tabs 19 through 23, we think unreasonable as a matter of law. It is inconsistent with IBM's ownership rights, it is contrary to copyright law, it is against public policy, and it leaves in circumstances I'll explore later, an absurd result.

The second point, Your Honor, independent of what we believe is the undisputed evidence of no breach, that I want to emphasize here is that SCO is estopped from pursuing its theory of the case. For almost two decades following the execution of these agreements, some of these representatives of AT&T and USL and Novell and others, told IBM and other licensees that they could do as they wished with their own original works, so long as they protected AT&T's UNIX System V software.

Mr. Wilson, the head of the licensing business, said he on numerous occasions did that. Mr. Frasure, who executed the agreement on behalf of IBM, as you'll see at tabs 25 and 26 of your book, said, quote, that he personally, quote, assured licensees in no uncertain terms that they could do as they wished with their original works. He, quote, often told people that UNIX licensees could freely use and disclose their original or homegrown UNIX method, code and concepts.

Mr. Green, another AT&T representative, also at USL

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and Novell, has testified that, quote, more times than I could remember, close quote, licensees were told that they could do as they wished with their original works.

Ms. Tilley of AT&T, then USL, then Novell, said that representatives of AT&T and USL and Novell, quote, consistently informed licensees that they owned their code and that they could do with it as they wished.

Mr. Crab, formerly of Santa Cruz and then of Caldera, said that while at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz told licensees that they were free to do as they wished with their own code, modifications and derivative works, so long as they protected AT&T's System V source code.

AT&T and its licensees, Your Honor, took AT&T's licensees like IBM and Sequent, took AT&T at their word. They publicly disclosed their own original works in the time following the execution of these agreements. Examples of those disclosures are in the papers we have provided. There is a cart with books in front of Your Honor in which repeated disclosures were made over decades of the code and the methods and the concepts of AT&T's UNIX System V software. And, Your Honor, of the modifications and supposed derivative works of that. Hundreds of books have been written on the subject. Those disclosures are no different, Your Honor, than the kinds of disclosures that SCO has included in its final disclosures.

Neither AT&T nor its successors raised any objection

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to those disclosures until this lawsuit became a glimmer in the eye of current management. SCO's former CEO, Ransom Love, has testified that, quote, after Caldera acquired ownership of UNIX code, and this is at tab 29, even though we were aware that IBM was disclosing homegrown code, we made a conscious decision to take no action against such disclosures. IBM, Sequent and other licensees no doubt reasonably relied on the repeated statements by AT&T and its successors that they could do as they wished with their own works so long as they protected AT&T. IBM and Sequent built businesses, Your Honor, on that proposition and invested hundreds of millions of dollars in the idea that they would actually control their own stuff.

Estoppel can, no question, be in certain circumstances a fact intensive inquiry. It is not always appropriate for summary judgment. Courts can and they do enter summary judgment on grounds of estoppel, and I would respectfully submit, Your Honor, that if there is a case for it, this is it.

Third point, Your Honor, the alleged breaches here have been waived. They have been waived for three reasons. They have been waived because the repeated statements of AT&T and its successors over nearly two decades not only amount to estoppel but they amount to waiver. I won't repeat that ground.

The second reason why there is waiver here, Your

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Honor, is that Novell, the supposed predecessor interest to SCO, exercised its rights under an asset purchase agreement with the Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. to waive the alleged breaches here. I will come back to that.

The second item I would like to focus on, Your Honor, is SCO's own conduct which we believe results in a waiver of alleged breaches here.

First, Your Honor, with respect to Novell. Section 4.16B. If you look at tab 36 of the book, Your Honor, after the commencement of this case Novell exercised its rights under Section 4.16B of the asset purchase agreement to cause a waiver of the alleged breaches here. The asset purchase agreement says that seller, in this case it was Novell, shall amend -- in addition, seller in its sole discretion, buyer shall amend, supplement, modify or waive any rights under, or shall assign any rights to any SVRX license to the extent so directed in any manner or respect by seller, Novell.

In the event that the buyer fails to take such action, the seller, Novell, shall be authorized and is granted the right to take that action on the buyer's behalf. Well, it is undisputed here that Novell, following the commencement of this case, exercised its rights under 4.16B. In the dissent letter it asked SCO to waive, and SCO declined to waive and Novell took that action. The only issue is whether Novell has the right to do that.

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I respectfully submit, Your Honor, that the plain language of Section 4.16B gives Novell that right. SCO has raised a number of arguments in opposition, some as to the parol evidence, and some as to the plain language of the agreement. We deal with those arguments in our papers and at tabs 38 and 39 of the book. Time won't allow me to repeat them here.

Let me just say this about SCO's argument. SCO's reliance on the parol evidence is we submit impermissible, Your Honor, because the plain language controls, and the parol evidence cannot be used to alter the plain language of the agreement. As to the plain language of the agreement, what SCO says in effect, Your Honor, is that Novell had waiver rights, but it doesn't have waiver rights to the agreement that are at issue in this case, the agreements that IBM is supposed to have breached. The waiver rights by the terms of Section 4.16B relate to SVRX licenses. The question is, are the agreements at issue here SVRX licenses? As we show at tab 40 in Your Honor's book, I submit there is no question that they are. SVRX stands, Your Honor, simply for System Y release. There is no question that the agreements IBM is supposed to have breached are SVRX licenses. They are agreements licensing System V releases.

In a letter from SCO's CEO to the CEO of Novell, following Novell's exercise of its rights under 4.16B,

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Mr. McBride acknowledged that the agreements at issue in this case are SVRX licenses. He said, and I quote, in your June 9 letter, you, referring to Novell, attempt to assert claims on behalf of IBM and with respect to its SVRX licenses with SCO. In SCO's opposition papers, Your Honor, in connection with this exact motion, at paragraph 201, SCO acknowledges that the agreements at issue are SVRX licenses. It says, quote, effective June 13, 2003, SCO terminated IBM's SVRX license. Effective July 30, 2003, SCO terminated the Sequent SVRX license. Novell has waived the alleged breaches at issue.

The next waiver issue I would like to discuss, Your Honor, concerns SCO's conduct. This is summarized at tab 41. SCO shipped the exact four categories of code material we're talking about, Your Honor, in its own product. It shipped it in its United Linux product, and it shipped it in that United Linux product pursuant to the terms of the General Public License or the GPL. Each of those acts resulted in a waiver of the alleged breaches. Let me tell you why.

First, United Linux. If you look at tab 43 of the book, Your Honor, SCO was part of an initiative known as United Linux. As a part of that initiative SCO and its partners assigned any intellectual property rights they had, with the exception that is not relevant here, to the material that ended up in United Linux product. The material at issue here is in the United Linux product. If you take a look at, Your Honor,

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tab 44 of the book, you'll see the language of the United Linux agreements. The United Linux Joint Development Contract says that all intellectual property rights in the software developed pursuance to the JDC, other than the preexisting technology and enhancements, shall be assigned by the members, which SCO is one, and any individual member to the LLC and shall be owned by the LLC.

Well, SCO's Linux IV product was, Your Honor, software developed pursuant to the JDC. We show that at tabs 44 and 46 of the book. Again, the items of information that is supposedly misused here was in that product. Any rights SCO had to the material at issue, Your Honor, and we respectfully submit they had none, but any rights they had were assigned by them to the United Linux LLC, and they are in no position now to assert any claim of breach with respect to it.

With respect to the GPL, the General Public License, again, SCO shipped the material at issue in products that were licensed under the GPL. What does the GPL say? The GPL says, among other things, that if you distribute copies of the program covered by the GPL product or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they too receive and can get the source code. You give them the right to make copies and to distribute verbatim copies. So the very material that supposedly represents the breach was put by them in a United Linux product and shipped

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under the General Public License under those terms. That, too, Your Honor, represents a waiver.

Now, if I may, as time is short, with respect to the technology items at issue, and let me say this again, there are four of them. I would point you to tab 53 of the book where they are listed. The facts related to these four technology area are at tab 54 of the book. These four items of technology have one thing in common. That one thing is dispositive of SCO's claims. That one thing is that none of those four categories of material is resulting material. Under their theory of the case, Judge, IBM's liability depends at a minimum on it being resulting material. They are not, therefore, the claims fail. None of the four categories include System V methods or concepts, none of them are modifications and derivative works of UNIX System V. They are original IBM works, just as in my example of the 990 original works of Your Honor, and SCO has under the plain language of the agreement, we submit, no right to control them.

There are four, as I said, Your Honor. The JFS contribution is at issue in the next motion, and with Your Honor's permission, I will argue that in that connection. Let me just focus on the three remaining ones, the RCU contribution, the LTP contribution, and the negative know-how experience. The RCU contribution is at tab 58. Putting aside the fact that it is not resulting material, and putting aside

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the fact that SCO has waived any right to pursue it, SCO's claim with respect to the RCU contribution is barred by the statute of limitation. The statute of limitations under New York law, which controls, is six years. RCU was disclosed in a patent application in 1993 and the patent issued in 1995.

Under SCO's mistaken theory of the contract, Your Honor, IBM's filing of the patent application amounts to a disclosure. The statute of limitations ran before the commencement of this claim and the claim is barred.

In any event, the witnesses, the only individuals identified by SCO as having anything to do with that, and whose pictures and testimony appear at tab 60, have debunked SCO's claims.

The LTP contribution. Again, putting aside the fact that it is not resulting material, putting aside the fact of waiver and estoppel, SCO's claim with respect to the LTP contribution fails, Your Honor, because it depends on the proposition that the LTP contribution came from the DYNIX operating system, which SCO contends is a modification and derivative work. It didn't.

The LTP contribution was not part of the DYNIX operating system. The evidence, which we set out at tab 62 of the book, makes that perfectly clear. It was not a part of it and under their own theory it fails.

Lastly, Your Honor, the negative know-how category.

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This is a category of 11 items of supposedly misused information. We lay this out at tab 64. There are two basic brands of claim as it relate to these 11 items. One of them concerns experience. Here is what SCO's claim is as it relates to the experience. It says, as we show at tab 65, Judge, it says IBM has breached its contract by permitting IBM developers exposed to DYNIX PTX methods and concepts to contribute to Linux in the same area for each developer's work. So anybody that had any exposure to DYNIX can't work in connection with any other operating system in that area. That is the claim.

With respect to the negative know-how, which also appears at 65, the gist of the claim is that people who had some knowledge about DYNIX told people who were working on Linux not to do certain things in DYNIX that they don't think worked. SCO has identified 16 supposed wrongdoers as it relates to these 11 categories.

Those individuals, Your Honor, as I will come to, have offered undisputed testimony that debunks SCO's claim. The claims as to these 11, Your Honor, fail for three quick reasons, and I will sit down.

First, Your Honor, the agreements which SCO contends were breached, Your Honor, do not contain any provision which would allow it to preclude IBM employees from using their experience and their general know-how in working on projects other than the one on which they are presently working. There

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is no connection drawn in SCO's interrogatory answers or in its paper between the contract and this claimed notion of misuse of experience.

Second, Your Honor, though Magistrate Judge Wells allowed SCO to pursue, and declined to throw out in the discovery phase SCO's claim as to these 11 items, she made it perfectly clear in her order, which we have set out in your Honor's binder, that these claims were subject to being, in her judgment, at least, disposed of on summary judgment.

Your Honor ordered SCO to provide particularity as to these claims as did Magistrate Judge Wells. That has never been provided, and for that reason alone they are out.

Finally, careful consideration of these items shows that the claim falls apart. If you look at tab 70, Your Honor, you will see the pictures of each of the 16 individuals who are at issue and what it is they said in testimony that is unrebutted by SCO. Here is what they said. They didn't make any contributions to the files or the directories listed, or they didn't base their contributions to the list of files on UNIX System V in making the contributions.

You will want to look item by item. Your Honor, look at tab 71. For two of these items, and, again, this is undisputed, for two of these items, Your Honor, 188 and 187, the technology which SCO alleges was misused didn't even exist in DYNIX. For another two of the items, 43 and 94, the

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material had nothing to do with DYNIX PTX. It was discoverable outside of IBM. For five of the items there is absolutely no evidence that the alleged wrongdoers had any experience in the technology area where they were supposed to have misused it in some other area. SCO admits that with respect to four of them. With respect to items 23 and 90, Your Honor, for two of the items the material was disclosed in marketing materials, and in footnote ten of SCO's opposition papers, it says that any such disclosure -- if the material is inactionable anyway. Finally, item 189, Your Honor, was based on knowledge available in public literature.

As is summarized in tab 72 of the book, SCO's negative know-how claims and its experience claims we think underscore the absurdity of the position. If SCO's theory is correct that anybody with any experience, not just with UNIX System V, but any modification or derivative work of UNIX System V, is severely constrained in their employment, and that is contrary to public policy as the cases in our papers make clear.

The only conceivable reason, the only conceivable reason why AT&T could have wanted to protect IBM, and in my example Your Honor's original works, was to protect the one item that you put in your product. SCO has acknowledged, Your Honor, and it did it early in the case, that there are no secrets in UNIX System V. They said that in open court and

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they withdrew their trade secrets claim.

SCO's theory is, finally, inconsistent with IBM's rights of ownership. It admits that IBM owns the material at issue. It admits that ownership carries with it the exclusive right to distribute, and yet they take the position, Your Honor, that would nullify as a practical matter IBM's rights of ownership.

Thank you.

THE COURT: Thank you. Mr. Singer.

MR. SINGER: Thank you, Your Honor. We also have arguments books, if I might approach?

THE COURT: Please.

MR. SINGER: Your Honor, I would like to begin with why these contract claims matter. The UNIX operating system developed by AT&T was its crown jewel. It is the operating system of choice for mission critical application, and it became in the 1990s the leading operating system worldwide.

Now, major computer companies like IBM wanted to adopt that system for their own hardware. They had a choice. They could come up with their own operating system. In fact, IBM tried. It is called OS2. It failed. IBM, like others, struck a deal with AT&T. Give us access to your source code so that we can develop our own flavor of UNIX that will run better on our hardware. AT&T agreed but subject to very strong

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restrictions, and not just on the original System V code, but on what they knew IBM and others would do with it, the so-called modified and derivative works.

They required that those modified and derivative works be treated just like the original software code in language that is as plain as can be in the relative agreements that are enforceable today. That is why we are here.

AT&T preserved its head start in developing UNIX while allowing companies to, for a royalty, develop their own systems that were UNIX systems that, of course, would pay royalties for the object code that would run the various machines. What they could not do is exactly what IBM has done here, give away that head start by open sourcing of derivative technology that they would never have had if it weren't for access in the first place to System V, and to allow a jump-start to Linux, which has had a tremendous effect on SCO's business. SCO was the inheritor of AT&T's UNIX business. SCO dominated with UNIX on the Intel chip platform market, and it had 80 percent of the market in the late 1990s.

It did ventures with IBM, as you'll hear more about this on Monday when we have our unfair competition argument, but a joint venture project, Monte Ray, to use SCO's know-how in that field to develop joint products. IBM then decided to abandon project Monte Ray, and instead to devote technology to Linux and to disclose proprietary UNIX technology. At tab one

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we just touch on a little bit of that, which is the experts', Mr. Rochkind's and Mr. Ivie's conclusions that IBM's disclosures is what turned Linux into a strong enterprise system.

If you turn to the third page, in tab one you see a graphic where IBM's own document shows it directed the strength of AIX and PTX, which is DYNIX, into Linux as their proposed UNIX strategy. You have a summary of the vast amount of technology just on the issues which are still subject to the Court's order in the case, substantial amounts of technology that have been contributed. You have Mr. McKenney, who is an IBM secret programmer, who expressly stated in a document that we will mine key ideas from AIX and DYNIX PTX, and that this will make Linux more disruptive to proprietary operating systems like SCO's business. And the reason they can do this is because they have access to DYNIX PTX source code and access to top operating system experts in AIX and DYNIX.

The result, which is depicted graphically on the last slide in section one, is the rapid decline in SCO's open server UNIX new license revenue following those technologies being distributed in early 2000. That is why these contract claims matter a great deal.

I would like to address at the outset why a trial is needed, and why this is not a matter for summary judgment. One might think that that is obvious just from IBM's presentation.

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There are hundreds of pages of briefs, reply papers and addendum that are longer, I think, than War and Peace. 40,000 pages of exhibits. We counted 100 plus new cases just cited in their reply brief. That does not sound like a summary judgment case to us, Your Honor. It does not sound like a case where you can look at the plain language and you can say SCO does not have a contract claim.

I think that it is also clear when we look at the extrinsic evidence that IBM is so heavily relying upon, and because you're talking about both things that occurred over two decades ago, in part, and because you're talking about terms that are not clearly defined, like what does someone mean when they say an original IBM work? What do they mean when they say, as you heard on the screen, that it was developed without relying on System V?

Let's take a look at some of those witnesses just at the front end, and their changes of opinion at different points in the case. If you look at tab two, the first slide is Otis Wilson. He says, as you heard, his beliefs as set forth in a declaration that IBM and Sequent are free to open source all of AIX and DYNIX except the original System V code. 14 years ago, however, he gave strikingly different and contradictory testimony in a case, USL versus Berkeley, where he said that anything that that university created with the exposure to licensed software based on, contained a part of, was a

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derivative work and had to be treated as a licensed software, which is, of course, what the plain language of the agreement says.

He also wrote that in a 1987 document. He also confirmed that that testimony was correct at his deposition, and he acknowledged it was no different in intent between a standard operating license and the educational license at issue in that case.

On the next page we talk about Mr. Kistenberg, another one of the IBM acknowledged involved persons. He negotiated the Sequent deal on behalf of Sequent. They have a declaration from Mr. Kistenberg that said no one at AT&T had intended to assert control over the portion of derivative work that did not contain System V code. He told a different story in his deposition.

In fact, he said in his deposition that he told IBM's counsel that his understanding was that the UNIX software given to any of the licensees, that any time they used the source code to develop derivative products, that that was a part of the System V source code, and that they could not turn around and give it to X, Y, Z companies. He states that clearly at various places in his deposition. He says in his deposition that he would never have signed that declaration if he knew the use that IBM would try to interpret his words to mean.

Mr. Chatlos, in fact, did exactly that. When he was

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confronted with a proposed IBM declaration following the meeting, he said he would sign one that actually reflected what he had discussed, but that the ones presented to him didn't do that and he refused to sign.

Mr. Bouffard had his declaration submitted by IBM and, again on the key point we're talking about, these are not collateral points, but it is the key points that IBM wants you to overturn the plain language of the agreement and go with extrinsic evidence on. They have a declaration from Mr. Bouffard. He gives a later declaration to SCO which clarifies that when he said there was no right to control or own the modifications, he meant that AT&T couldn't appropriate such material, and said to IBM give us the AIX and we want to sell it for our benefit. And that he did not mean that IBM had the right to disclose the protected added on material and other code that was in the derivative product. That is directly contrary to his declaration and the position that IBM takes in this case.

Just recently in the Novell case, he gave a deposition and that is the next page which is excerpted here, where he was asked by Novell's counsel as to how it came to be that he signed the declaration that said that ownership and control was with IBM, and he explained that his IBM declaration wasn't written by him, that they went around and around in negotiating the language, and that finally he was worn down.

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He said it wound up being a negotiation of my words rather than a document of my words.

Your Honor, this and the other extrinsic evidence is exactly why we have trials. We want to subject these witnesses to the crucible of cross-examination, and then the truth we believe will emerge. That cannot be shortcut in this case.

I would also like to talk about the assertion that was made that the particular derivative works at issue in this case are just things that were dropped in and had no basis related to System V. That is manifestly not the case. I would like to move all the way to tab 50, if you would, in the binder which we provided.

This deals with AIX. It is an excerpt from the report of Mr. Evan Ivie, who was formerly the head of the computer science department at Brigham Young. He has worked on UNIX all the way back to AT&T. He is a distinguished expert in the field. He has studied this, and as his report and underlying testimony show, half of the JFS files were based on System V source code. If you turn to the second page there we go into a little more detail. Mr. Hatch in the argument later this afternoon will even have even more detail on this. He points out that in 1990 or 1991 the first JFS was based on the preexisting system that was derived from UNIX source code licensed from AT&T, and that approximately half of those files were based on UNIX System V source code. How does he know

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that? Because if you go back into the discovery of that, they have origin codes where IBM is included within AIX indicating that those came from System V.

Now, there is a dispute as to whether or not IBM created the JFS system that was contributed to Linux in a clean room environment from OS2, their own operating system.

THE COURT: Hang on a second.

MR. SINGER: Do you need a moment?

THE COURT: Go ahead, Mr. Singer.

MR. SINGER: Your Honor, that is a disputed fact as to whether or not it came out of 0S2 because we have competent expert testimony saying it came from System V.

In addition, we have admissions, such as an IBM programmer, who said, and this is also at tab 50, that the System V file system is where this stuff, referring to JFS, where this originated. It couldn't be more black and white than that.

Mr. Davidson's declaration is also further support of the fact that JFS is not some system that just was dropped into AIX and had no relationship to System V and now they are seeking protection over it. It itself was derived from System V.

At tabs 51 and 52 we have a similar analysis with respect to the origins and the relationship of DYNIX RCU. These are not things that were just dropped in and that were

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extracted to give to Linux. These were interwoven with the DYNIX operating system. DYNIX wouldn't operate without them, and those were operating in a DYNIX environment, and they are by every meaning of the word derivatives.

Now, Your Honor, I would like to go back now to the legal argument and begin with the fact that there are four claims. We disagree with IBM on the issue regarding sublicensing contracts. They had no separate agreement about it in their initial brief. They said, which we agreed, that they depend on the original underlying primary source code agreement and, therefore, if there is a breach of the software agreement, there is also a breach of the sublicensing agreement for distributing material in violation of the software agreement, and Section 3.03 of the sublicensing agreement makes that clear.

Now, there are four and only four legal arguments made by IBM in their summary judgment briefing, their initial briefing, not their reply brief. I will deal with those here. We urge the Court to disregard all the new and additional arguments put into the reply papers that were not raised in the initial papers.

Turning to the plain language, Section 2.01 says that the right being given to IBM includes the right to modify the software product and to prepare derivative works based on such software product provided the resulting material, which we

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submit are the derivative works, are treated hereunder as a part of the original software product. That means treated just like the System V code.

What does that language not say? It does not say what IBM suggests. It does not say that IBM is free to take any part of this and distribute it to whomever they wish in source code form. The contract between what IBM's position in this case is, and what the agreement says, could not be clearer than just contrasting the two. In IBM's brief they say that IBM owns and is free to disclose any material that Sequent created so long as it does not contain UNIX System V material, and, as we have seen, that is simply not what 2.01 says.

Section 7.06, another part of that agreement, also makes it clear that the licensee has to hold all parts of the software product subject to this agreement and in confidence for AT&T, that it may distribute products only to third parties having licenses of equivalent scope, and that the licensee may obtain materials based on the software products subject to this agreement from such a third party, and use such materials, provided that the licensee treats such materials as if they were a part of the software product. Think about what that means. IBM is restricting itself to use materials based on a software product, not the software product as they say just System V, but just based on that from a third party, but can only use those materials if they treat them as part of the

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software product itself. That is just like 2.01 suggests.

Now, what IBM does not spend any time on are the side letter and amendment X, which clarified and modified in certain respects the IBM AT&T agreement but not the Sequent agreement. We have dealt with that in our briefs because those support our position. They gave ownership rights over derivative works to IBM, but did not give them a release from the control rights and they could not disclose the source code to others. That was clear under 706(a) which appears in the '85 letter. These are by way of tab 8 in the book. The 1987 letter continues to protect all parts of derivative works. It indicated that a third-party breach of derivative works cannot do so if it is based on all or any portion of such a derivative work, which is inconsistent with the position IBM takes here today.

In 1996 they had an amendment X which had an illustration attached at 3.7, and that illustration was that if company A, a sublicensee, is a general computer system manufacturing system, and it said IBM may not distribute source copies to that company for purposes of making modifications to adapt the sublicensed product as a general operating system for the company's general computer hardware system. But yet they maintain here that they can open source that to the world to come up with competing operating systems. Their position simply cannot be squared with the plain language of the agreement.

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There would be no purpose for the language we saw in 2.01 talking about the derivative works if all that was protected was the original course code. You wouldn't need that. The source code would then have its own protection. The only sense that makes is if the derivative works, the resulting work is protected.

Now, Your Honor, there is no factual dispute that AIX and DYNIX PTX are derivative works within the meaning of Section 2.01. At tab 10 in the binder we provide the expert testimony on that point, and admissions from both Sequent and IBM people that these are derivative operating systems based on System V. We would submit that the combination of that plain language, and the expert testimony together with the plain meaning of the Sequent agreement, is why we're entitled to partial summary judgment on Sequent on the ground, one, that Section 2.01 means what it says, that the derivative work has to protect like the original product and, two, that DYNIX is in fact a derivative of System V, because that is not disputed at either the expert level or the level of the admissions which we have put into the record and excerpted at tab 10.

Your Honor, for that reason we don't believe it is necessary to turn to parol evidence in this case. There is an integration clause that would even exclude doing so. However, the parol evidence is sharply disputed and it would require a trial. If one turns to tab 13, and I have already touched on

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this subject with respect to certain declarations from the very witnesses who IBM relies upon, but beyond that there are over 20 witnesses, 20 witnesses who are involved with AT&T and Novell and Santa Cruz in the negotiations, in the administration, in the enforcement of these agreements, who contradict IBM's contract interpretation.

I don't have time to go through here now all of this testimony that is in the record and excerpted at tab 14, but it is directly on point.

Mitzi Bond, for example --

THE COURT: You said 14. Do you mean 13?

MR. SINGER: It is 13 that I am referring to right now, Your Honor.

THE COURT: Okay.

MR. SINGER: Behind tab 13, which is the chart, there are excerpts from each of this witnesses and declarations or depositions.

Just to touch on one, Mr. Guffey, who during the relevant time period, '80 to '85, was the head of the software services division which included UNIX, and he said I believe that the members of my division and other AT&T employees involved in licensing UNIX share the foregoing understanding because it was a common subject in training and discussion. The licensee was obligated to keep all parts of those modifications and derivative works confidential, including the

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methods and concepts embodied in those modification and derivative works, just as the licensee was required to keep all parts of the UNIX software product confidential.

If one turns to Burn Levine, who was an attorney at the time involved with these agreements at AT&T, and he said nothing in the agreement reduced AT&T's protection for UNIX software, and that it was not limited to the disclosure of just little source code.

Beyond those witnesses, let's turn to some of the very witnesses who IBM relies upon. If we turn to tab 16, we have again Mr. Kistenberg who says exactly the opposite of what IBM relies upon in connection with the testimony that you have heard earlier from IBM. If we turn to tab 17 you have Mike DeFazio who was there and he supports IBM's position, but he concedes that he really relied on Martin Pfeffer who was the general counsel, who had primary responsibilities for supervising the drafting of these agreement, and Mr. Pfeffer supports our position.

You have at tab 18 Otis Wilson, and Mr. Wilson, as we have seen, contradicted his position that he takes now, closer to the time in the USL case, where he gave sworn testimony and where he said anything that created an exposure to the licensed software or was based on or was a derivative work had to be treated in that way.

We have seen with respect to David Frasure, tab 19,

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another one of the individuals up on the scene, that he specifically said in the USL versus Berkeley case that the UNIX source code had been instrumental in its development, and that that is why it cannot be freely distributed by Berkeley.

Mr. Vuksanovich, the other gentleman up there at tab 20, says that if there is a single line of UNIX source code in a modification or derivative work, then that modification or derivative work has to be treated like the software product that has been licensed under the agreement. He agreed with that. So clearly this is a case where both the subsequent UNIX agreement and the testimony requires a trial.

One final point on that, which is at tab 23. That is that there are documents from IBM that are also inconsistent with what IBM maintains today. This was an analysis of these very agreements done by IBM. We put the whole document behind tab 23 for the Court to read. This analysis was done in 1989, and specifically concluded that all copies of the derivative works of UNIX source code must be treated in exactly the same manner as the UNIX source code as received from AT&T. Nowhere in this document is there any mention that they could extract parts of the modifications and the derivatives and do with them what they would. That is something that is a position taken in this litigation.

Your Honor, they talk about the parade of horribles that will occur if this interpretation is afforded. That is

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simply not the case. There are only two derivative works at issue, AIX and DYNIX. IBM can use that technology to market product, and they can come up with their own independent operating system, and their employees are not restricted in their work, they simply can't open source the result of that work if it is based on System V.

So the consequences of agreeing with our interpretation is simply that our contract is upheld, we receive damages, we receive an injunction against further violations to prevent this head start from being dissipated and being given away to Linux. No other company that we're aware of has done what IBM had tried to do, even though there have been many licensees. None of them have come in here and open sourced their source code in the manner that IBM has to enhance Linux.

Your Honor, we have put in the book as well the various legal authorities as to why this interpretation is reasonable. There has been a dispute of experts between Mr. Willick, who they submit, and Mr. Popono, who is a professor at Harvard Business School, and at trial I think that will be interesting testimony, and certainly not something that the Court needs to deal with on summary judgment.

Now, with respect to estoppel, at tab 27 we include the fact that estoppel is an issue of fact that we would submit is inherently unsuited for summary judgment. The requirements

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are that there be some concealment of a material fact by us, and some lack of knowledge regarding these contracts by IBM. That simply is not feasible in this situation.

First of all, you have an integration clause which said that the parties can only change the agreement by a signed agreement in writing. IBM knows that even if it were true that some people told them, well, disregard this and don't believe that, they knew that the only thing they could rely on was a change in writing, and that is in the agreement, and that we submit is why IBM went to the trouble of getting those side letters in 1985 and 1987 and negotiating amendment X in 1996. That is how these things are changed.

The case law we cite at tab 28 in our brief say that that is an integral matter for an estoppel claim. Certainly there can be no concealment of material facts when what allegedly is being concealed is the plain language of the contract. Now, beyond that there is no competent evidence that establishes that AT&T or any of its successors told IBM or Sequent that they could simply do as they wished.

That library shelf of books which was brought in here, there is nothing shown that the specific technology that is at issue in this case is disclosed there. Many of those, we would submit all of those, have copyright notices, so to the extent there is information it is still protected by our copyrights. They talk generally about System V but don't

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disclose the information here. They are welcome to roll in that cart we submit to the jury in this case and make that argument, but that is certainly not a part of a summary judgment proceeding.

Now, as to the witnesses who they claim say that AT&T gave them these assurances to do as they wished, that is sharply disputed. Your Honor, turn to tab 30, if you would, in the binder. You see there over a dozen witnesses on those two pages that flatly dispute that they or anyone they worked with at AT&T or Novell or Santa Cruz ever told licensees that they could disregard the plain language of those agreements. At a minimum, even if that is a legally tenable argument for estoppel, it is subject to a factual dispute.

Your Honor, specifically, Doug Michels testified, and this is at tab 31, that when there was a concern at Santa Cruz that IBM announced support for Linux, he went to talk to IBM and they assured Santa Cruz, which is now SCO, that they would not commercially harden Linux, and that they would not substantially encroach on Santa Cruz's core market, so that there was nothing here we had to worry about. Now they claim that is estoppel and waiver. I submit that there cannot be any evidence of reliance because IBM gave those rights no consideration at all.

First of all, let's look at the fact, and they talk about this in connection with waiver, with the distribution of

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Linux, but who was distributing what when? When did IBM make their Linux decision? IBM decided to pursue Linux and to distribute technology beginning in '98, and they started the Linux Technology Center in '99, and the first disclosures were at the end of '99 and into 2000. At that time period, up to May of 2001, these copyrights and contracts were owned by Santa Cruz which was not in the Linux business. Caldera, which was in the Linux business, did not own them. Caldera acquired them afterwards, after they had already made this decision and gone forward.

But beyond that, Mr. Frye, who is the very head of the IBM Linux Technology Center, specifically denied that he ever gave any consideration to any of these issues with SCO. That is at tab 32.

Your Honor, in addition, at tab 34 you have Mr. Sandve's e-mail from IBM, and Mr. Sandve specifically states, because he was asked by one of his superiors, why can't we let you look at the AIX source code? He says it was because of the 5.3 source code license, and that it would take 50 to $80 million to buy it from SCO even if SCO would deal with it right now. All these assertions of estoppel and waiver are at a minimum factual issues which have to be decided at trial.

Very briefly with respect to the issue of Novell waiving our rights.

By the way, one last point on IBM's suggestion that

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Mr. Love waived his rights and that SCO made a knowing waiver. Mr. Love, who IBM did not disclose to the Court, is a paid IBM consultant, he contradicted that in a subsequent declaration, saying that there was never an investigation while he was the C.E.O. of these property rights. We have submitted declarations, and this is at tab 40, from other members of the board of directors and management directly contradicting his testimony.

So all of these issues, and the United Linux issue they raise, and it is treated in the copyright argument which you'll hear later in the week, and they incorporated that in their briefs and we incorporated it in our briefs, and that will be later this week, and so will the issues concerning the other waiver argument they made about our distribution of Linux. At a minimum there are factual issues that preclude an estoppel and waiver argument.

I would like to talk about the issue of Novell's purported waiver of SCO's rights. This interpretation would make a mockery, Your Honor, of the very asset purchase agreement that was signed by the parties, where it gave the whole business to SCO. The Court will remember the argument about this in the Novell case a few weeks ago, and yet they maintain that they can come in here and they can prevent SCO from enforcing its intellectual property rights by a contorted interpretation of Section 4.16. First of all, this issue is

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resolved in the Novell trial.

Secondly, their position is simply flat wrong. If one turns to tab 43, and Your Honor has seen this section, but 4.16 defines the SVRX licenses for purposes of this agreement under item six of the schedule. That schedule does not list these IBM agreements in item six. It lists them as a different item, item three. That is where the software and sublicensing agreements at issue here are listed. At a minimum, there is an ambiguity in that issue.

At tab 46 we present for the Court testimony from the lead negotiators and the businesspeople on both sides of the issue who agree that Novell had no ability to waive IP rights with respect to the source code license at issue here. That was limited to protect their binary royalties, which were bought out in 1996, and had no continuing role. Both Chatlook and Wilt, who were the negotiators for Novell and Santa Cruz respectfully, and the other individuals on these pages all agree, and more testimony is being developed every week in the Novell case supporting this position, that they had no ability to waive these rights.

That was made clear as well in an amendment in writing to the APA. It is amendment number two, which is at tab 44. It says that Novell has no right to increase any SVRX licensee's rights to source code, and may not prevent SCO from exercising its rights with respect to SVRX source code in

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accordance with the agreement.

So their position, which may or may not be related to the fact that IBM paid Novell about $50 million right at about the time of this waiver, is not supported by the plain language. It is not supported by the extrinsic evidence. It is contrary to the entire purpose of the agreement. In any event, it will be resolved in the Novell trial.

Briefly on the statute of limitations, their final argument, that breach arose from open sourcing to Linux. That is not the same thing as a patent which restricts the use to IBM. Only IBM could use it. That would be consistent with our agreement because IBM has the right to use it. Open sourcing, which is what occurred during the period when the statute of limitations had not run, it occurred only a few years ago, that is what gives rise to our cause of action. IBM's patent, therefore, does not begin the statute of limitations. Their cases do not support that proposition.

Your Honor, at tab 49 we briefly point out what the Court is well aware of, the fact that you cannot raise new legal arguments in a reply brief for the first time. All of these arguments that we heard at the end of Mr. Marriott's presentation about this specific technology are not the four arguments listed in their reply brief. We are not charged with anticipating everything they might draw from all of the factual material.

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So in addition to the fact that that is new, we have put in testimony related to each of these technologies at tabs 50, 51 -- these are all in the record -- 52, which indicates that there is a factual dispute at a minimum with respect to these technologies issues, rather than the legal issues which they base their initial legal brief on, but now presumedly they have found some reason to want to raise new issues in reply.

Your Honor, we have established, as I mentioned earlier, that our cross motion for summary judgment should be granted. Their only real argument with respect to that is that you should not issue partial summary judgment. They note that the courts are in disarray on that issue. We believe that the better authority is that you can and should issue such a partial summary judgment. Alternatively, under Rule 56(d) you're entitled, in fact, directed to make such findings if the facts are not in dispute.

I would like to save the balance of my time for my rebuttal on the cross motion.

THE COURT: Go ahead, Mr. Marriott.

MR. MARRIOTT: Thank you, Your Honor.

First, with respect to the plain language, the provision on which SCO relies, Your Honor, says simply that resulting materials are to be treated hereunder like software product. Whatever precisely that means, Your Honor, the categories of information that IBM is supposed here to have

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improperly disclosed are not resulting materials. And, therefore, the limitation, whatever precisely it is, on materials covered by Section 2.01 is inapplicable.

Again, we're talking -- Your Honor, if I may approach with a chart?

THE COURT: You may.

MR. MARRIOTT: If this is the one item, Your Honor, that you licensed as your product as I described previously from SCO, and that is subject to the terms of their agreement, we didn't disclose that. Nor, Your Honor, did we disclose the derivative work. The allegation is that IBM took pieces out of its own original works and used them as it wished. Some of them got put in different products. That, they say, is a violation of the agreement.

That disclosure reveals nothing about this, and that disclosure does not compromise the entirety of the product so that there would be some reason to be concerned about that. Taking this out and putting it here, Your Honor, does not mean that that might be a derivative work, or it might not, and you have to look at that particular thing. Is that a derivative work? Under SCO's theory you might have an obligation to limit what you do. If what you take out is not a derivative work, Your Honor, then it is not subject to the provisions of 2.01 of the agreement.

2.01, if it means anything, Your Honor, it relates to

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precise terms, resulting materials. The things which IBM has alleged to have taken out, that are not modifications or derivative works or resulting material, can't possibly have been distributed in violation of Section 2.01 of the agreement.

Parol evidence, Your Honor. Mr. Singer points to, as I suggested he would, a long list of individuals who he says have offered testimony to support SCO's case. He pointed to the testimony from Mr. Wilson who he says, for example, has offered contradictory testimony in a case in 1991. Your Honor, time won't allow for a line by line recitation of that. Let me, if I may approach, with one example.

In 1992 in the litigation to which Mr. Singer refers and to which he claims Mr. Wilson offered inconsistent testimony, Mr. Wilson offered testimony that is perfectly consistent with the testimony he and the other individuals who negotiated the agreement in this case have given. If you look, Your Honor, at page 47, he says, quote, we did not -- we, AT&T, did not want to have any rights or ownership to anything they created. And yet SCO says that while we, IBM, may own our stuff, they control it. Mr. Wilson said that in 1992 in the litigation in which Mr. Singer claims he offered inconsistent testimony.

If you turn to page 76 from that same case, Mr. Wilson said, quote, the intent is what I have stated many times earlier. In other words, the intent is such that we protect

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our intellectual property, and assert no rights in the licensee's intellectual property. Yet SCO asserts the right forever to control IBM works original to it, the disclosure of which couldn't possibly disclose anything owned by SCO.

Your Honor, the parol evidence offered by SCO is no impediment to the entry of summary judgment, because the individuals upon which it relies didn't negotiate and execute the agreement. Your Honor can look at those and decide if there is any contradiction. That testimony is overwhelmingly in favor of IBM's construction.

To decline summary judgment here, Your Honor, is to basically say that a reasonable jury could project the testimony of the individuals who negotiated and executed the agreements on behalf of IBM, and accept in its stead the subjective understanding of individuals who might have been employed at AT&T along with hundreds of thousands of others, but who never communicated their subjective intent to IBM as part of any negotiations. Under New York law, Your Honor, that testimony is not capable of altering the plain language of the agreement of impeding the entry of summary judgment.

The reasonableness of SCO's claim -- Your Honor, if that operating system, if the DYNIX operating system, if the AIX operating system were a General Motors car, and if the chassis of that car, Your Honor, were licensed under the agreements as SCO interprets them, that SCO, Your Honor, would

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not only control the car in its entirety, but IBM would be unable to take the dice off of the mirror of the car and do what it wanted with those. It would be unable to take the radio manufactured by Sony and put it in another car. It couldn't take glass manufactured by PPG and put it in another car. The design of the car could never be used in connection with any other vehicle.

Estoppel. The cases are clear, Your Honor, that estoppel can be entered at the summary judgment phase of the case. AT&T and its successors, again, as we laid out, said over the course of decades that IBM could do and other licensees could do as they wished. The mere fact that SCO has produced a number of witnesses who say they never said that, and they never heard that, does not make incompetent the sworn testimony of the numerous people laid out in our book.

The fact that these books, Your Honor, some of them may have a copyright notice on them does not in any way mean that there wasn't the disclosures of the supposed secrets which SCO claims it seeks to protect. The integration clause to which Mr. Singer refers, Your Honor, has no bearing on testimony as to statements made over the course of decades that followed the execution of the agreement.

Section 4.16B. Mr. Singer says that IBM's interpretation of 4.16B makes a mockery of the agreement. Your Honor, under that agreement Novell retained the right to 95

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percent of the royalties with respect to the licenses. It is hardly a surprise that Novell would retain the right to waive or to supplement or to change conduct that SCO might engage in that could compromise Novell's interests. Mr. Singer refers to amendment number two and suggests that that somehow is inconsistent. Amendment number two, Your Honor, relates to prospective buyouts. There is no prospective buyout at issue here. There is no buyout at issue here. IBM's rights to continue to distribute AIX were already bought out.

United Linux. Mr. Singer didn't to my knowledge address United Linux, and it was raised in our papers, and we'll discuss it on the 7th, Your Honor, in a different context independent of what it means in the context of IBM's claim for a declaration of non-infringement, it precludes SCO's claims here. A general public license on that is similarly deferred. It has independent meaning here to which SCO has not responded.

As to the four categories of alleged or misused information, Mr. Singer suggested that that is somehow new in the reply papers, Your Honor. I respectfully refer the Court to the statement of undisputed facts in our opening papers. It is not new. It was laid out and supported there by undisputed testimony. If it is new, Your Honor, it is curious that Mr. Singer's binder would have included a set of materials that supposedly refute the testimony there.

These specific items at issue here, about which SCO

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seems to skirt, Your Honor, are items which when examined preclude SCO's claims. Mr. Singer refers to the RCU contribution and he says it is not barred by the statute of limitations because the disclosure was in a patent application, and a patent application is subject to certain protections. Your Honor, this case is not about misusing a patent, it is about disclosure. Whether or not a person could practice an invention, which is set out in a patent, is irrelevant to whether the information which supposedly is secret, and supposedly had to be kept confidential, was out there sufficient to start the running of the statute of limitations. The claim as to RCU is barred.

Mr. Singer said nothing, Your Honor, as a consequence about the Linux technology project contribution, except to suggest that experts had dealt with it. The expert testimony on which Mr. Singer relies, Your Honor, is not only mistaken, but it is testimony that Magistrate Judge Wells precluded SCO from proceeding as to because it was not disclosed with particularity in the final disclosures.

The e-mail on which SCO's expert, Mr. Rochkind, relies in saying that the Linux LTP contribution was actually from DYNIX is talking about a different set of LTP code than that which is at issue in this case. Mr. Rochkind's testimony is unsupportive of SCO's position.

Thank you, Your Honor.

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THE COURT: Thank you.

Mr. Singer.

MR. SINGER: Your Honor, I suppose the short answer is that if DYNIX RCU does not matter, and if JFS does not matter and if they are like the dice on a car, then let's take them out. Let them go into Linux and take them out. Let them go into DYNIX and AIX and take them out and see what happens to those systems then. These are interwoven, as our experts have indicated, with the very operations of those systems, and those systems as a whole are derivative of and they would not exist but for System V.

Beyond that, we have shown direct links with respect to JFS to System V. I quoted Mr. Ivie's testimony and it is in record. I didn't hear Mr. Marriott say anything about it. It is interesting that JFS was said by IBM people at the time, and this is in the record, to be the most important contribution to Linux.

With respect to RCU, at tab 51 you have testimony from Mr. Rochkind, an acknowledged UNIX expert, showing that it is in Linux and that the DYNIX code is a derivative of System V, and that RCU is interwoven. So you can't simply take it out. By the way, he also noted in his report that Linus Torvell wrote that RCU was, quote, fundamental in summarizing Linux 2.543 which was the first version to have that contribution from IBM. He said the most fundamental stuff is

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probably RCU and a program called Low Profile.

These are not dice hanging down on the dashboard, these are integral contributions that are integral to DYNIX and AIX, and they are derivative of our protected technology, and now they have been wrongly disclosed.

The second point which has been made is that the plain language does not support this, but they can't get around the fact that the plain language in both that agreement and the subsequent agreement never provide anywhere an invitation to IBM to disclose materials that they add to these derivative products that is not in someway based on these derivative products. What we have are snippets of testimony from these witnesses, that I submit really depend on what they mean when they are being asked about original software products or IBM's derivative products, and when you focus on the precise issue, as the testimony we presented here throughout, indicates that they say that it was the intent of AT&T to protect that. That testimony, if you need to get to extrinsic evidence, is fully admissible and at tab 14.

We submit that the cases from the Second Circuit, saying if there is ambiguity, the Court should accept any available extrinsic evidence, and that when you are dealing with form agreements and how they are interpreted generally is relevant, and these are form agreements, and that the course of conduct under them is a strong indication of intent, aside from

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the fact that virtually everyone up there who they call and admit are involved persons have given contradictory testimony.

With respect to 4.16B -- well, first, with respect to the issue of estoppel, the integration clause does more, Your Honor, than simply say that parol evidence should be considered. This integration clause says any changes to the agreement must be made in writing. IBM knew that and they got changes in writing, they just didn't give them the rights, which IBM says that they have now, to do anything they wish with those products, and that is why you have not heard very much in this argument about those side letters or amendment X.

What that integration clause means is IBM cannot come into court years later and say, oh, we relied on the fact that someone else distributed a book that had a little bit of UNIX in it or something and, therefore, we have the right to disregard our contract. Or that we heard a licensee was told by someone that you could do it with a derivative product. That is directly in the face of the integration clause that says if you want a change, you get it signed in writing. Beyond that, there is a tremendous dispute where we have a dozen witnesses who were there that said those things were never said to licensees.

With respect to the Novell waiver, I didn't hear anything about the fact that 4.16B's definition of the SVRX license refers only to item six and that the IBM agreements in

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issue here are in item three and are expressly not covered. That was made clear in amendment two. He says, well, amendment two is dealing with future buyouts. Amendment two was entered into at the same time in 1996 and IBM bought out its remaining royalty obligations. After that there was absolutely no interest Novell had with respect to how IBM acted under those agreements.

Last issue. There are 281 fact statements they make, 40,000 pages of exhibits, and we are not charged with responding to every legal argument in our opposition that might have been made from those. We entered with four legal arguments in the initial brief. The fact that they have not extracted three new arguments about RCU, about these tests and others, are not properly considered on this motion for summary judgment and they were not a part of their initial papers. And because we submitted as a part of the record all of our expert reports, it happens that there is a part of the expert reports that contradict those, and now they are wanting the Court on summary judgment to make rulings about the weight to be given to those expert reports, and we think that is purely inappropriate.

Your Honor, I heard virtually nothing about our cross motion with respect to DYNIX, and there is no dispute that DYNIX is, in fact, a derivative product of System V. If the Court agrees with us and the plain language of 2.01, then that

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limited but appropriate partial summary judgment should be entered.

Thank you very much.

THE COURT: Thank you. Thanks to you both.

I'll take these contract motions under advisement. I have a jury I have to deal with. Realistically I think we're looking at about 4:30 to continue with our motion.

We'll be in recess on this matter.

(Recess)

THE COURT: Welcome back, everyone. Sorry about the delay.

We'll now take up IBM's motion for summary judgment on SCO's copyright claim.

Are you arguing this, Mr. Marriott?

MR. MARRIOTT: I am, Your Honor.

THE COURT: You asked for 30 minutes each on this, right?

MR. MARRIOTT: That sounds familiar, Judge.

THE COURT: Go ahead.

MR. MARRIOTT: On the grounds that IBM breached its contractual obligations, and this is IBM, Your Honor, not Sequent, SCO purported to terminate IBM's license to continue to use its AIX product, to distribute that product, and it demanded that IBM shut down its AIX business, which over the course of decades it has invested hundreds of millions of

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dollars in. We declined to do that and SCO amended its complaint and asserted copyright infringement. That is the claim that is at issue with this motion.

There are five reasons why summary judgment should be entered in favor of IBM on this motion. One, SCO can't identify and prove unauthorized copying by IBM. Two, SCO can't establish a predicate breach of contract. Three, SCO cannot terminate and did not properly terminate IBM's license. Four, SCO can't prove that it owns the allegedly infringed copyrights. Five, SCO has misused those alleged copyrights. With Your Honor's permission I want to focus on just the first three of those. By the parties in agreement and by order of the Court, the remaining two, four and five, will be addressed at the hearing on May 7th.

With that, Your Honor, point one, SCO can't show unauthorized copying by IBM. This is summarized at tab two of the book which I would like to approach and provide Your Honor.

THE COURT: Sure.

MR. MARRIOTT: We have a copy for counsel.

As you know, Your Honor, IBM repeatedly asked over the course of this litigation for SCO specifically to identify the allegedly misused information, and the Court repeatedly ordered SCO to do that as we show at tab 3 of the book. In a December 2003 order, Magistrate Judge Wells ordered SCO to identify and state with specificity, and this is at tab three,

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the source codes that form the basis of their action against IBM.

Magistrate Judge Wells further ordered that SCO provide detailed answers to IBM's interrogatories as set out and requested in the interrogatories. She said, for example, that SCO was to identify and state -- SCO was to respond fully and in detail as stated in IBM's first set. Interrogatory one said identify with specificity all of the confidential or priority information that plaintiff alleges or contends IBM misappropriated or misused.

Interrogatory four, likewise, Judge, asked that SCO describe in detail the date of any alleged misuse or misappropriation, and the specific manner in which IBM is alleged to have engaged in the misuse or misappropriation. Magistrate Judge Wells reiterated that order in March of 2004, and then Your Honor set interim and final deadlines for final disclosures, and at this point SCO was required finally to identify with specificity the allegedly misused information.

THE COURT: And you say they have not done that?

MR. MARRIOTT: They have not done that, Your Honor.

If you turn in the book to tab four, you will see that in connection with our summary judgment papers, Your Honor, we set out in paragraph 69 the following. Dispute the Court's orders, SCO has never described by version final line of coding any material allegedly infringed by IBM's

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post-termination AIX and DYNIX activity. Moreover, SCO has declined to provide full and detailed responses to IBM's interrogatories directed at SCO's allegations of unauthorized copying.

In response, Your Honor, SCO does not dispute that. It says instead, simply, that, in effect, that it was not required to do that. The Court has since made it abundantly clear in a series of orders that, in fact, SCO was required to do that, Your Honor, and it has still never done that. For that reason, alone summary judgment on this claim should be entered in IBM's favor. The orders of the Court were clear that neither party could proceed with respect to any material that wasn't identified as directed by the Court, and SCO has not done that and the claim, Your Honor, should go for that reason alone.

Point two, SCO can't establish a predicate breach of contract, as we summarize at tab seven of our book. SCO's copyright claim here, Your Honor, depends on whether it can show that IBM breached one of its licensing agreements with AT&T. It is on that basis that SCO purports to terminate IBM's license. If there is no breach of contract, no predicate breach, then the copyright claim fails as a matter of law. The problems with SCO's contract claims have been discussed at length in the papers and in the argument, and I don't intend to repeat all of those here, but --

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THE COURT: Good.

MR. MARRIOTT: Your Honor will recall that I said by way of footnote in connection with the past argument that I would dwell in this argument on the JFS language.

THE COURT: I do remember that.

MR. MARRIOTT: The one of the four not addressed there.

Your Honor, SCO's contract claim involves, as I have previously indicated, four contracts. Two of them are for IBM and two for Sequent. The Sequent contracts are irrelevant to this predicate breach of contract. The Sequent contracts were about the distribution of DYNIX, not AIX. There is absolutely no evidence that IBM has continued to distribute AIX. This is all about the IBM agreements with AT&T and not the Sequent agreements.

As I previously indicated, SCO has offered no evidence and Mr. Singer did not point, Your Honor, to a shred of evidence that IBM breached the sublicensing agreement. SCO's entire case depends upon the IBM software agreement as it relates to this purported cause of action for copyright infringement. In its final disclosures, Your Honor, the only contribution identified as having been made to Linux in violation of SCO's rights is the JFS contribution. This claim turns entirely on that.

So with that, Your Honor, let me suggest that there

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are at least two reasons, and one of them has a lot of sub reasons, why SCO's claims with respect to JFS fail as a matter of law. The first of those reasons, Your Honor, is that SCO's allegations of breach with respect to JFS simply lack merit, and the second is that the alleged breach, even if it were a breach, is immaterial as a matter of law and, therefore, can't substantiate the kind of breach necessary to establish a breach of contract.

Let's take the first of those, SCO's allegations with respect to JFS lack merit. That is true, Your Honor, for at least six reasons, and I am going to quickly run through those.

THE COURT: They are at tab ten, right?

MR. MARRIOTT: They are at tab ten, Your Honor. Apparently the binder is not as difficult to follow as --

THE COURT: Not if I can figure it out. That is right.

MR. MARRIOTT: The first reason, Your Honor, the JFS contribution did not come from AIX, it came from IBM's OS2 operating system. SCO's theory depends on the proposition that AIX is a derivative work of AT&T's UNIX System V software, for which we don't believe there is adequate evidence in the record, despite Mr. Singer's assertions to the contrary, but assume that it is, Your Honor, the JFS contribution came from IBM's OS2 operating system and it did not come from IBM's AIX operating system.

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The undisputed evidence shows that. If you look at tab 11, Your Honor, you will see evidence to this effect. The individual identified by SCO as having made these supposedly improper contributions have offered their testimony, the people in the best position to know that it came from OS2 and not from IBM's AIX operating system. SCO's claim that it came from IBM's AIX operating system, Your Honor, is mistaken for the reasons which we set out at tab 13 of our book. It relies principally if not entirely upon the testimony of SCO's Dr. Ivie, and that analysis, Your Honor, relies upon evidence that was required to be put in SCO's final disclosures, and that it didn't put in those final disclosures, and that Magistrate Judge Wells struck at a hearing late last year, an issue in which SCO has taken an appeal.

The only evidence they purport even to offer, Your Honor, that could competently demonstrate that and they argue is that of Mr. Ivie. Mr. Ivie's testimony was untimely provided and it can't support the motion. In any event, Your Honor, Mr. Ivie's testimony is not competent evidence that JFS came from the AIX operating system as opposed to the OS2 operating system. Dr. Ivie says that there is a similarity between the JFS contribution and the JFS that is in AIX. Well, that is not a surprising similarity, Your Honor, because the JFS contribution in AIX came from IBM's OS2 operating system, so the similarity on which he relies for these opinions is not

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a similarity that has any probative effect. That is point one, Your Honor, as to why the JFS contribution allegations fail.

Point two. For this I refer Your Honor to tab 14 of our book. SCO's claim fails unless the JFS contribution was resulting material. Their entire theory depends upon, we think, a distorted reading of Section 2.01 of the agreement. But in any case, it depends upon the JFS contribution being resulting material. As I said in the prior argument, it is not. The undisputed evidence demonstrates that there is no UNIX System V method, code or concept in that JFS contribution, and that it was created independent of UNIX System V, and the people who created it, Your Honor, the people who supposedly made the contributions have offered testimony to that effect.

The only thing on which SCO relies in this connection is the testimony of Mr. Ivie, which testimony again, Your Honor, Magistrate Judge Wells could not properly be relied upon because it was not properly disclosed in the final disclosures.

Point three. As I said in the last argument, Your Honor, IBM owns the JFS contribution. There is not any dispute about that. IBM owns it. IBM has copyrights in that distribution, and SCO concedes that, as you see, at page 15 of the book. It further concedes in its opposition papers that, quote, under the Copyright Act, copyright ownership consists of exclusive rights to, among other things, reproduce, prepare derivative works, and distribute a work. IBM owns the

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contributions and the notion that SCO can control it effectively guts IBM's rights of ownership. If IBM's rights of ownership mean anything, Your Honor, it means that IBM has the right to do what a copyright holder under the copyright laws has the right to do.

Mr. McBride, the CEO of the SCO group, Your Honor, testified in his deposition in a way that is completely contrary to the proposition that SCO can control anything and everything that is in the AIX operating system. He said the following, quote, I am sure there are things inside of AIX that were not derived from System V or from one of our contractual arrangements, that they would be free to do whatever they wanted. That appears, Your Honor, in Mr. McBride's deposition which is IBM Exhibit 330, page 231, lines 18 through 23.

Fourth point, Your Honor. Novell waived SCO's right to terminate IBM's license pursuant to 4.16B of the asset purchase agreement. We discussed this briefly in the last argument. As we discussed there, the APA expressly gave Novell the right to waive alleged breaches with respect to SVRX licenses. The only issue, Your Honor, is whether the licenses in question are SVRX licenses. There is absolutely no question that they are. Mr. Singer made reference to a schedule in which he says there is some lack of reference to the IBM agreements being SVRX licenses. Let me walk you through that, Your Honor, if I may.

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If you don't have the book from the last argument, it is at tab 40 of that book, and I have a copy to hand up.

THE COURT: I might have it.

MR. MARRIOTT: At tab 40 of that book, Your Honor, we walked through why it is that the licenses in question here are SVRX licenses. Let's take that given Mr. Singer's focus on that issue. The first sentence of the asset purchase agreement, 4.16A, states that SVRX licenses are those licenses listed in detail under item six of Schedule 1.A hereof. Item 1.A of the asset purchase agreement provides a list of the SVRX licenses that related to various UNIX System V software releases, including System V releases 2.0 and so on. As well as, quote, all prior UNIX system releases and versions preceding UNIX System V release 2.0.

The supplements, Your Honor, to the IBM Sequent agreements which are at issue in this motion identify the licensed software product as consisting of various UNIX System V releases. Again, as I said in the last hearing, Mr. McBride in a letter to the C.E.O. of Novell conceded that the licenses at issue here are SVRX licenses. In SCO's own opposition papers in connection with this case acknowledge that the licenses at issue are SVRX licenses. There is, we respectfully submit, no genuine issue on that question, and as a result the only real argument that SCO has made in opposition with respect to 4.16B falls flat.

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Fifth point, Your Honor, with respect to the JRS contribution. SCO assigned its rights to the JFS contribution to United Linux, as is illustrated at tab 19 of the book. We discussed this briefly in connection with the prior motion hearing, Your Honor. But the flaws in SCO's case are particularly pronounced as they relate to the JFS contribution.

Again, as a member of the United Linux initiative, SCO assigned all rights, all intellectual property rights that it had with the exception of those specifically carved out to the United Linux LLC. SCO's product -- SCO's Linux IV included the JFS contribution. The JFS contribution was not on the list of exclusions and, in fact, Your Honor, the JDC itself specifically refers to JFS as a part of the joint development product. And then SCO in its product announcement for its United Linux product touted the product as including the JFS contribution. Any claim to the JFS contribution, Your Honor, is gone pursuant to SCO's assignment of rights under the United Linux agreement.

Sixth point. SCO licensed the JFS contribution and the GPL, the General Public License. This is the same basic point as before. Again, the contribution was included in their product, and the GPL is clear as to what it means, the license in the GPL, and any claim as to that is gone.

Now, I said there were two points with respect to -- two general points with respect to JFS. The first is that

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SCO's allegations related to JFS lack merit. That is the sixth point I just listed. There is an additional point, Your Honor. That is that even if there were merit to SCO's allegations of breach relating to the JFS contributions, the alleged breach is material. Assuming SCO has the right to terminate, as we'll talk about in connection with my next point, it does not, but assuming that it did have that right, the right to terminate applies only with respect to breaches that are material breaches of the agreement.

The IBM side letter, which Mr. Singer suggests in the last argument IBM had ignored, expressly says that breaches can be used as a basis for termination only if they are material breaches. In the case law, Your Honor, which we lay out at tab 31 of the book, indicates that breaches that are sufficient to permit termination must be material breaches. A material breach is a breach that frustrates the core of the contract. The cases describe it that it goes to the very purpose or the root of the agreement.

The JFS contribution here, Your Honor, could not possibly have gone to the root of an agreement between IBM and AT&T in 1985 that concerned the protection of AT&T's UNIX System V software. The JFS contribution, Your Honor, again, which is owned by IBM and copyrighted by IBM, represents 01 percent of the Linux Kernel. There are as we show at tab 40 -- at tab 34 of this book, a large number of file systems, as much

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as Mr. Singer suggests in the last argument that the JFS is the next greatest thing to sliced bread, that there were 40 some file systems in the Linux operating system, Your Honor. The JFS contribution could not possibly be considered a material breach of the contract, especially when IBM owns it and when there is no UNIX System V code in it, and when the protections of the software agreement as between IBM and AT&T, if they meant anything, were about ultimately protecting AT&T's UNIX System V source code. They have conceded there is no UNIX System V -- there is no trade secret in UNIX System V. And yet the contribution of IBM's own original work could go to the root of an agreement that was about protecting not IBM's original works, but the UNIX System V software? The arguments, Your Honor, which SCO makes in this regard are dealt with in our papers, and they are dealt with at tab 35 of the book if Your Honor wishes to look at them there.

The third point and final point that I wish to make this afternoon, is that SCO cannot establish a predicate -- rather cannot establish that it properly terminated IBM's license. That is true for two reasons. The first reason, Your Honor, is that IBM has pursuant to an amendment to its original agreement with AT&T a perpetual and irrevocable license. That is point one. Point two, Your Honor, is that even if under the language of the original agreement the license could be terminated, SCO failed to abide by the requirements for

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termination. I will talk Your Honor through those.

Let me take now, if I may, each of those in turn. First the irrevocable and perpetual license. Referring Your Honor to tab 37 of the book, the plain language of amendment X granted IBM a perpetual and irrevocable license. Amendment X says, and I quote, IBM will have the irrevocable, fully paid up perpetual right to exercise all of its rights under the agreement. The meaning of the term irrevocable and perpetual is no mystery. They are clear and they are unambiguous, and some of the definitions of those terms, Your Honor, appear at tab 38 and tab 39 of the book, from a variety of dictionaries.

For example, irrevocable is defined to mean impossible to retract or revoke, that which cannot be abrogated, annulled, or withdrawn, not revocable, irreversible, final, unmodifiable, indistinguishable, unalterable, immovable.

THE COURT: I see one that says lasting for eternity. Are you claiming that here?

MR. MARRIOTT: I like that idea, Your Honor, lasting for eternity. A lasting irrevocable license that lasts for eternity, in a sense, Your Honor.

Similarly, with respect to perpetual, which is actually the definition for lasting for eternity, it is also defined, Your Honor, as continuous, without interruption, everlasting, eternal, lasting or destined to last forever.

Accordingly, Your Honor, on the plain language of the

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agreement IBM has a perpetual and irrevocable license. It does not have a terminable license as SCO suggests, as is required for it to have terminated IBM's license, which is the predicate to this claim of breach of contract.

Now, the second point here, Your Honor, is that even if the license were revocable, even if it were not perpetual, and even if SCO could do as it purports to have done here to terminate it, there are under the terms of the agreement before it was amended, to give IBM an irrevocable and perpetual license, requirements that have to be satisfied. Prior to being able to terminate IBM's license, SCO had to give IBM, and we lay this out at tab 45, SCO had to give IBM notice, it had to give IBM an opportunity to cure, and it had to exercise its good faith best efforts to avoid termination.

As shown at tab 46, Your Honor, the case law in New York which controls this agreement is clear that where there are provisions of this kind, that the plaintiff must satisfy the requirements to provide notice and cure and an opportunity for cure and meet its duty of good faith best efforts to resolve the agreement short of termination before it can in fact terminate. SCO couldn't satisfy any of those three, Your Honor, and for that reason, summary judgment should be entered in IBM's favor as well.

Let me take those each briefly. Notice, SCO's notice letter, Your Honor, which was filed with its complaint in this

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action, which we have attached in the book at tab 48, accused IBM of improperly disclosing, of misappropriating even SCO's trade secrets. Well, again, Your Honor, as I have now said at least twice, SCO has conceded that there are no trade secrets in UNIX System V. It made that concession in open court after it purported to terminate IBM's license. The notice letter says you misappropriated our trade secrets, stop or we're going to terminate your license.

It then admits after it has terminated IBM's license that there are no trade secrets in UNIX System V. It withdraws its claim for trade secret misappropriation.

Opportunity to cure. Because it never disclosed with any meaningful particularity what it was it was complaining about, Your Honor, IBM was never given an opportunity to cure the alleged breach. In fact, Your Honor, if I may approach --

THE COURT: You may.

MR. MARRIOTT: Thank you.

Following SCO's letter of March 6th in which it indicated that it was going to terminate IBM's license, IBM sent SCO a letter and said, well, what is it that you contend we did? Please tell us what it is you claim that we need to do to cure this alleged breach. The response that we received, Your Honor, from Mr. McBride, the C.E.O. of the company said, quote, if you would like further written information regarding IBM's past and continuing violations, we need more information

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from you. So rather than provide IBM a meaningful opportunity to cure, Your Honor, we were told that before we would learn anything more about what we supposedly had done, we would need to tell SCO what it is that we, in fact, had done.

Finally, Your Honor, with respect to good faith and best efforts, again, as you know, and I reluctantly repeat what has been said so many times before, IBM has repeatedly asked SCO in this litigation what it is that we supposedly did. SCO has repeatedly refused to provide IBM that information and, instead, Your Honor, played what I think is a game of where is the pea? It has required motion after motion to figure out what exactly it was that IBM supposedly did.

It was only after IBM filed motions to compel that we finally learned something of consequence about the JFS contribution, about which so much still remains a mystery. It simply cannot be, Your Honor, that SCO provided by way of its notice letter, proper notice, a notice 100 days before the supposed termination, that it gave IBM a reasonable opportunity to cure, and that it exercised its good faith best efforts, not just good faith efforts, it is good faith best efforts, and I would respectfully submit that no reasonable juror could conclude in this instance that SCO exercised its good faith best efforts to provide IBM information sufficient to allow a cure of the supposed breach.

In summary, Your Honor, summary judgment should be

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entered in favor of IBM on this motion for five reasons. The three I touched upon here are that SCO can't establish unauthorized copying by IBM, they can't show a predicate breach of contract, and IBM's license is in any event not a terminable license, and certainly not one that satisfies the conditions to terminate.

Thank you.

THE COURT: Thank you, Mr. Marriott.

Mr. Hatch.

MR. HATCH: Thank you, Your Honor. Good to be here.

Let me start with what I think is really one of the more obvious ones, and it is IBM's claim that these contracts are not terminable. I think we need to know more than look at the plain language of the agreement. And, again, I didn't want to disappoint, so I have a book as well.

THE COURT: I am sure that you do.

MR. HATCH: I just want to be clear that we understand what contract we are talking about. In 1985 the parties, AT&T, its predecessor to SCO, and IBM entered into two main agreements. One is the software agreement which covers how the source code itself would be handled. The same day a sublicense agreement was entered into which allowed IBM to relicense certain products it had, machine readable binary code, and it did not have source code in it. The termination rights that we're talking about here come from section six in

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the source code agreement, Section 2.07 and 3.03 of the sublicensing agreement.

Now, if you wouldn't mind turning to tab six, that just shows from the software agreement, Section 6.03. As you can see there, if the licensee fails to fulfill one or more of its obligations under this agreement, AT&T may upon its election, in addition to other remedies it may have, at any time terminate all the rights granted by it hereunder, and it gives a notice provision. Now, there are similar provisions in the sublicensing agreement.

Now, on the same day, to make it even more complex, because these were essentially form agreements, agreements that had in large part been used with other parties. We often forget, and Mr. Singer alluded to it, but there are similar agreements have been done with many other companies. IBM is the first one that has taken the approach that we're hearing today. So IBM wanted some concessions. Instead of changing the formal contract, they entered into a side letter that exact same day.

The side letter modified both the software agreement and the sublicensing agreement. What is important about that is when it modified the agreement, it expressly called out and identified the sections in the two contracts it was modifying, so it would be very clear what it was modifying. If Your Honor would turn to tab seven, this is one such section in the side

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letter. You'll notice here that, lo and behold, this is actually a modification of the termination rights in both of these two main agreements, Section 6.03 of the software agreement and Section 2.07 and 3.03 of the sublicensing agreement. So the parties clearly knew and understood, and the plain language was if we're going to modify it, we're going to identify it so you know exactly what we're modifying. Here you'll notice that it goes to the notice and cure provision that Mr. Marriott talked about, so they thought it was important enough to refer that expressly and that explicitly, even when it was something as minor as changing the notice from 60 days to 100 days. It wasn't even a big part of the contract, and yet they used that type of expressivity.

Now, if we go to amendment ten, which is where they claim this was all modified, and if Your Honor does not mind, I would like to use an actual copy of it if we can, instead of the slides and the book.

THE COURT: Okay.

MR. HATCH: Now, this particular amendment ten came to be several years later in 1996. The purpose of it was very clear. As IBM had grown tired of trying to manage and account for the royalties that were due under the underlying agreements, they wanted to buy out the royalty stream and have it paid all up front, paid at once. Okay. The first underlining that you see that I have in the recitals makes it

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very clear that that is what this amendment is about. It says in an effort to simplify the royalty requirements contained in the related agreements, the following modifications to the terms and conditions of the related agreements have been mutually agreed to by the parties. So that is putting in context what is happening here.

Now, you'll notice, and it is very interesting here, that the section in which they claim they get a non-terminable right, and, one, it does not mention that word, two, it is unlike the side letter where specific sections of the agreement, the termination sections were agreed to, so the parties know what is being modified, it just says no additional royalty. That is what was at issue here.

Just to juxtapose that, if you look at paragraph two on the next page, you'll see that when they wanted to modify 2.05B and 2.05C of the sublicensee agreement they called it out so everyone would know what was being modified. Now, what was being modified here wasn't a section but a schedule of royalties, and they were paying them up in full. They were given an irrevocable, fully paid up perpetual right to exercise rights. So it is very clear, and that should really be the end of it, is that in the plain language, this is not modifying any termination rights in the contract, otherwise they would have said so.

The plain language of that provision cannot be read

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to suggest that it completely eliminated the termination provisions, the material termination provisions of both the software agreement and the sublicense agreement without a mention of it. This is all being read into it by IBM today.

Now, that should be enough, but let's look at the language itself. IBM has raised the issue that somehow irrevocable and fully paid up and perpetual really mean non-terminable. Well, if you will notice here, what it really does say is it does not say here that they are given an irrevocable license. They read that, and they say that in the briefs, but that is not the wording here. The wording is they have been given an irrevocable and fully paid up perpetual right to exercise their rights, in other words, under the related agreement. Okay. In other words, as is set out in the recitals they don't have to pay anything else. No matter what we do, we cannot require them to pay extra money. This is being paid up now, and if we decide this is a bad deal ten years from now, we can't require them to start paying royalty payments again or another up-front payment or anything of that nature. That is what perpetual and irrevocable means. They do not mean non-terminable. They could have said that and they didn't.

Now, we did one other thing, and if you look in that same section, and it actually goes on to the second page, and it goes on because the drafters of this agreement wanted to

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make it very clear that they really weren't going beyond giving them an irrevocable right and a perpetual right not to pay royalty payments. They wanted to make it clear that it is not affecting anything else. It says notwithstanding the above, the irrevocable nature of the above rights will in no way be construed to limit, and now we are talking about very broad language, it is not going to limit SCO's rights to enjoin or otherwise prohibit IBM from violating any of Novell's or SCO's rights under this amendment ten or the related agreement. One of their rights certainly is termination, but this is broad language because it is saying this contract cannot be read to give you additional rights other than the ones expressly set forth. It never addressed termination.

Now, they say enjoin means all that you can do is court action. You can seek an injunction for court action. Well, that is not what that means. In a normal sense of the words, parties when they contract with each other quite often use as authority the contract language itself, and bring back, especially a contract that lasts as long as one like this, to the knowledge of people saying, by the way, you're doing something that you ought not to be doing. The authority that is cited is the contract itself.

Even if that were the case, it says or otherwise prohibited. With the or being used as the alternative, and to have any meaning at all, it is clearly a broad provision here

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that SCO has the right, has kept all of its rights under the contract and has the ability to do whatever it needs to enforce those rights, including breach.

Now, IBM's reading would make all of that just superfluous. The parties knew that, and if we look at one point in time, of course, Novell sold its rights out and the technology licensing agreement to Santa Cruz, a predecessor to SCO as well. IBM objects to this because they were not a party, but this was involving the same licensing agreement and rights, and I have a copy at tab 11, and you'll notice there that the same parties here, which were Novell and Santa Cruz, that when they wanted to make something non-terminable they knew how to do it. They used that language and they said that. They said it was a non-exclusive, non-terminable worldwide fee license.

So if we look at just the plain language, what IBM is asking you to do is to read things into it. They are not making a plain language argument. They are trying to change the language.

Now, we went to Nimmer & Dodd. Nimmer, as you know, has written a case book on copyrights, but he also with Mr. Dodd did a treatise called Modern Licensing Law. He addressed this exact point. At tab 10, the highlighted part, the license contains terms that provide that it is irrevocable or perpetual. We understand these terms to mean that the license

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cannot be terminated by the licensor or otherwise and except for breach by the licensee. In other words, SCO in this instance can't take an act to then revoke the rights, revoke the charge in the amendment that they do not have to pay any more royalties, but if IBM breaches the agreement, then that is totally within their control. IBM argued in the brief that this just gives SCO willy-nilly to be able to cancel any time they want and ruin their investment. That is absolutely not true and they can't point to any language that allows us to do that. It is totally in IBM's control. If you fail the terms of the agreement, they go forward. If they breach it, we have our remedies.

Now, that being a pretty strong statement from Professor Nimmer, they filed an affidavit from Professor Nimmer trying to say, well, it didn't quite mean that. Well, there are a couple of problems with that. One, not the least of which is that he is giving expert opinions without any chance to cross-examine, and he has also determined that apparently Mr. Nimmer has represented to us that he is a paid consultant of IBM and that was not disclosed when he gave the declaration. I don't think he's trying to get out of the wording that he put in his treatise has any application whatsoever.

Importantly, in their brief, and some of these arguments I just don't understand, but IBM in its brief said, well, we shouldn't listen to what Mr. Nimmer said in his text,

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in his treatise that he put out for peer review and put out into the world because he is just summarizing cases. Well, our view is that his book is there and it is called Modern Licensing Law, and it is there to set forth industry practices, and for the industry to rely on and to understand what terms mean. If he is summarizing cases, then I guess IBM is saying, well, that is the law pronounced by the court, so I didn't know how that helps them in any way.

Now, even if somehow Your Honor still said this is ambiguous, okay, I think if it becomes really unclear, then it is not a matter for summary judgment. Unless the extrinsic evidence is clear, which we think it is, the extrinsic evidence that we have put forward is a number of people, none of whom were employed by SCO, they are all people who were involved in the initial transactions and negotiated it and set it forth, and what was the meaning? The fact that they don't say non-terminable, can we read that in as evidence as to what they intended?

Well, I think what is most telling of that, if you turn to tab 20, is Steven Sabbath. Mr. Sabbath was Santa Cruz's vice president of law and corporate affairs. He was Santa Cruz's signatory to amendment X. He was asked the question, and he said as I said before the phrase irrevocable, fully paid up and perpetual, you usually see that strung together. Commercial lawyers don't define it. It's, you know,

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like the sun and the moon. I mean you don't have to define it. We know what it is.

Then Mr. Marriott, who I believe was the one taking this deposition, said and that is because irrevocable means what it means in the ordinary sense of the term. He said, yes, it does not mean non-terminable in the event of, you know, breach or default. It just means you're getting -- you pay on time, and we can't change our mind on you and terminate unless you pay more. We can't charge more. It is perpetual. It is forever. It is a one-time fee. Okay. It does not mean anything more than that.

Kimberly Madsen, a manager, at tab 21, and she was a manager in the Santa Cruz law department and was there at the time, said that I did not understand amendment ten to preclude termination for breach.

Alok Mohan at tab 23, the president and chief executive officer of Santa Cruz, and a high level participant in the negotiations, said that that language did not preclude termination for breach. No one else during the negotiations contradicted that.

Doug Michels at tab 22, and he was a senior executive and later the CEO, he makes it very clear that I would not have agreed to the terms of amendment X if it had been explained to me that way.

Now, IBM just raised with you a concept that I kind

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of enjoyed. I have to really work to be able to remember it, but it is unexpressed subjective intent. They claim that, well, gee, if Santa Cruz meant something else they should have told us. Well, the people who are trying to read a word in here that is not there, it is not SCO, it is IBM. If anybody had an unexpressed subjective intent it was them, because if they meant that language to mean something different than what it means by its plain language, and what Nimmer meant and what he understood and what businesspeople understood, and they never raised it in these meetings, as indicated by Mr. Michels and others there, then that is unexpressed subjective intent. They are putting new words in and trying to give words different meanings.

Now, even Novell's people have the same thing. When Mr. Singer went through Mr. Bouffard's testimony, and at tab 19 is what he said, and he was the other side of that from Novell, he said it was not my view that Santa Cruz was precluded from terminating UNIX source code. He said the otherwise language includes terminating IBM UNIX license agreement for IBM's actual breaches. We have plain language and we have authority and we have law and we have extrinsic evidence, all of which point directly to the fact that IBM is trying to read into this contract things that don't exist there.

Now, I think we cover pretty well in our brief the arguments Mr. Marriott raised on notice and opportunity to

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cure. I am not sure how serious an argument that can really be. I will just say this: What they forget is that there were a number of meetings, a number of meetings prior to the letter giving notice of potential termination if they did not cure. What basically happened in those meetings, and what I want to show you is kind of how, in a bit, how that started, but if you turn to tab 69, in January of 2003 this is how IBM starts this. In large part SCO starts to became aware of what IBM is up to.

At Linux World New York, which is, as I understand it, the world's largest trade show for Linux, the largest conference, Mr. Steven Mills, who was a senior executive at IBM, indicated, and this is from the Computer Reseller News, but in this deposition he confirmed that he said these things. He said IBM will exploit -- that is an interesting choice of words -- exploit its expertise in AIX to bring Linux up to par with UNIX.

Then further down he says our deep experience with AIX and its 250-member open source development team -- well, we have found out in discovery that 250-member team are the people who got the UNIX source code and were under the obligations of confidentiality, and they got SCO's copyrighted works and now they are changing. They are taking all that knowledge and they are now considered their 250-man open source development team, and he says the road to get there is well understood. Well, they have a great jump-start. Then he ends it by saying that

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what their goal is is to obliterate UNIX.

Well, they now say, well, gee, if you had just given us a better notice and an opportunity to cure, maybe we could have gone through these things, but through several meetings prior to the filing of the complaint and giving the notice letter, Mr. McBride and others had met with senior people at Novell, and they were basically told, and a lot of this is out of Mr. McBride's affidavit and other places in the record and in our briefs, that if SCO goes forward, we're going to talk to your partners and we're going to destroy your business. As a matter of fact, Karen Smith, an IBM vice president, went to HP and attempted to get them to withdraw support. That is going to be the subject of another motion that I think we're hearing Monday. That is the tone of it.

The thing that is kind of important to note is that the notice and opportunity to cure we're supposed to give them is not that we won't file suit because we gave them that. But in every instance they said to us, in essence, it is futile, we're fixed, it is unequivocal, we know what we're going to do. It does not matter. We followed the letter of the law and we gave them the letter and gave them 100 days' notice. They knew what it was about.

Here is what they said. Instead of trying to negotiate with us and to try and cure it -- as a matter of fact, at one point they said we can't meet with you now. We

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will meet with you in three months. At tab 77 this is what their response was. This is an IBM press release from the 16th of June of 2003. In the second paragraph it says from the outset, it does not say we just came up with this, from the outset IBM's position on this lawsuit has been unequivocal. IBM's licenses are irrevocable and perpetual and fully paid up and cannot be terminated. IBM will defend itself vigorously. The matter will be resolved in the normal legal process. In other words, they are now saying there is nothing to negotiate. There is nothing to talk about. The dispute is fixed as of that moment.

In the next paragraph, and this comes up a little later, you'll remember that Mr. Marriott indicated that, well, we didn't know it was about AIX. Here it is in June, their notice, their press release to the world says IBM will continue to ship, support and develop AIX. They knew that is what the issue was from day one. Now they are saying we never disclosed and they didn't know. That is just simply not true.

Let me move quickly to JFS. Mr. Marriott talked at length about that. IBM claims that JFS came from OS2. They gave you a graph. I would like you to look at the one that we prepared as well from our expert report. It is at tab 49. Using IBM documents that were produced in discovery, and this is probably the best graphic --

THE COURT: Go ahead.

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MR. SINGER: -- depiction that I can give you, the file system that we're talking about began in UNIX System V. It was owned by AT&T the predecessor of SCO. IBM licensed that initially and put it in AIX version two back in the early nineties. Eventually IBM modified and improved the AIX system's version 3.1, and as derivative works, and Mr. Singer has talked about it, used the file system to create a journal file system.

We know from, and they say we have no evidence, but if you go to the very next tab, and since time is short I will just do a few of these things, but we know where these things came from. Your Honor, they say we have not produced anything. Even if we exclude the things that Judge Wells excluded, which we disagree with, and this is just disclosure number one, we made 294 disclosures of taken material and misused materials that are still in this case. The things I'm pulling from here would be from just this first disclosure. It is a pile that is about this big.

Mr. Baker, who was an IBM executive, in his deposition said would it surprise you -- because they say this came from OS2. On the chart we are not even to there yet. Would it surprise you if half of the C files in JFS 3.1 have the original code three and are therefore based in part on UNIX source code licensed from AT&T? The answer, no, it wouldn't surprise me. Then if you go down to the bottom quote, it says,

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so it appears as though JFS two, and if you look at the chart that is what was in OS2. It is their derivative work that originally starts from System V and comes through its improvements and through to the end, and it says it appears that JFS continued to have and continued to include files that were based upon, at least in part, AT&T's UNIX source code, right? Answer, it appears to be that way. Well, why does he say that, Your Honor? Well, if we go to disclosure one, and we look at the files, and if you look at tab 37, and here it is just talking about JFS, there were identified to be 62 C files in JFS. You'll see that the top 30 came from AT&T. How do we know that? Well, the comments, I believe it is from CMVC that the programmers wrote, they state the origin. The origin says origin three. All 30 of these, almost half of our entire JFS originated from AT&T.

Now, we just heard IBM say it came solely from OS2. That is because they want to write out the prior history. They want to draw a line in history and don't look in front of it.

Your Honor, I will give you this. This is an extra copy. What I'm reading from is from tab nine of the first disclosure.

From Mr. Baker's testimony that we just read, you'll notice -- let's see. Mr. Baker is talking about some of this stuff, and you'll remember that at tab 44 Mr. Baker identified that his user ID was 905. The question was asked, if your

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using ID was 905 for the CMVC, and that is where the programmers recorded their notes, would you agree that this -- he is referring to the exhibit at tab 45 -- is a comment you made into the CMVC at that time? Answer, yes.

Now, this is just one example of many from an IBM programmer. You'll see Exhibit 887 and it is an e-mail from Baker, and from CMC where he is making comments, and 905 is his number, and what he is saying here is making a comment to the people in his division. The same is true in the System V file system where this stuff originates. He does not say OS2. The only way it could be OS2 is if you drew a line and forgot all the previous stuff and where it started.

As we go down that list, over half, according to the testimony of just Mr. Baker who was an IBM employee, over half of JFS as it ended up in Linux came from and originated from the source code here that they were not allowed to give away by contract.

Now, Your Honor, if you thumb through this book you'll see, and there are numerous pages, and I have put a bunch of them at tabs 38 through 42 or so, but you'll see here there is a lot of red. They say we don't disclose anything. These are all disclosures where it is either verbatim or near verbatim. The AIX, that we just learned from IBM's own mouth is derived from the System V code, is being taken almost wholesale and put into Linux. They say there is nothing. That

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is just simply not the case.

Now, I think the last point is Mr. Marriott indicated, well, it is not material. This JFS stuff just does not matter.

If I can approach?

THE COURT: Yes.

MR. HATCH: This is an internal IBM e-mail. If you look on the fourth page, and now they are saying that JFS is .01 percent, and I think during the contract argument I heard him call it just the fuzzy dice on the dash of a car. Well, let's see what they say when they are not talking to the Court. Let's look and see what they are talking about when they are trying to develop a product and make money.

On the third page of this, it says we, IBM, would like to make JFS available to the open source community for several reasons. I have highlighted the number one reason, a lack of a journal file system on the Linux platform was chosen as the number one deficiency by the Linux community. That does not sound immaterial to me. It sounds a lot more than fuzzy dice.

There are several instances where I disagree with Mr. Marriott. I think he misquoted Mr. McBride. He quoted Mr. McBride for the proposition that he said that they could do whatever they wanted with their code, and I think, just like we saw earlier today with the clips, not everything was read. Mr.

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McBride's actual testimony was the exact opposite of that. He said my view of that is that IBM is free to contribute anything they owned to Linux, and that is about as far as IBM went today, except they didn't read the rest of it, except as it relates to either source code that we own or a derivative of that code. So he is saying exactly what we are saying here, and they're trying so cite and smear Mr. McBride as saying something totally opposite to what is in the case.

Your Honor, I think based on that, there clearly is no basis for IBM to get summary judgment granted here and I submit it.

Thank you.

THE COURT: Thank you. Mr. Marriott.

MR. MARRIOTT: Thank you, Your Honor.

Mr. Hatch said a number of things, Your Honor, which I think simply are not factually correct. I would point the Court to the papers for that other than take too much time here.

THE COURT: He went overtime so if you want to you can, too.

MR. MARRIOTT: I appreciate that, Your Honor.

Contrary to what Mr. Hatch suggests, there are not 294 items of allegedly misused information in this case. There is only one of them, the first item in their final disclosures

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that is in any way relevant to this motion. That is the JFS contribution. The reference to the 294 is, at a minimum, grossly overstated.

Mr. Hatch suggests that I misrepresented the testimony of Mr. McBride. I gave Your Honor a cite and I urge you to look at the cite for yourself. There is nothing misrepresented about it. Mr. McBride said that he is sure that there are things in AIX which IBM could properly contribute to Linux.

If that is true, Your Honor, and I think Mr. McBride is right, if that is true it is completely inconsistent with their theory of the case, that once you touch something they call it a modification and a derivative work and it is forever controlled by them and IBM can't without their permission disclose it.

Mr. Hatch suggested that IBM conceded -- apparently I conceded at the last argument that AIX is a derivative work of AT&T's UNIX System V. I didn't concede that, Your Honor. The evidence in the record does not demonstrate that.

Let me come to the points, if I may, Your Honor, that were raised in my opening arguments and those to which Mr. Hatch responded and did not respond. I began, Your Honor, by pointing out that SCO had failed entirely to comply with the Court's order to identify with specificity what it is specifically that represents the infringing material here,

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because of IBM's continued distribution of AIX. You heard not a word from Mr. Hatch on that. It is not there. Because of the Court's orders the claim should be dismissed for that reason alone.

With respect to the JFS contribution, Your Honor, I offered two reasons -- six reasons why the JFS allegation lacks merit and one reason as to immateriality. Mr. Hatch, so far as I could tell, addressed one, Your Honor, of the six arguments as to JFS. As to that argument he pointed the Court to the testimony principally of SCO's expert Mr. Ivie, who has offered testimony to be sure that JFS comes from the AIX operating system. The testimony on which they rely was struck by Magistrate Judge Wells.

In any event, Your Honor, it is simply incorrect. If you look at the witnesses who would have personal knowledge to speak to this, people who actually were involved with the contribution, whose testimony is set out in our book, they say in unequivocal terms that it was from the OS2 operating system, not from the AIX operating system.

Immateriality, Your Honor. Mr. Hatch suggests that the alleged breach here is somehow a material breach because there is an internal IBM e-mail from some person saying it looks like the Linux community thinks there is a need for a journal file system. That does not say anything about whether the specific contribution here was a material breach of the

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agreement. The fact that someone might like a certain technology in Linux is entirely a separate question from whether the supposedly improper contribution here was a material breach of the agreement.

Again, as we say in our opening papers, Your Honor, there are 40 plus file systems in the Linux operating system. The JFS contribution represented less than .01 percent. It cannot be, Your Honor, that that represents a material breach when it is owned by IBM and reveals nothing of SCO's code.

With respect, Your Honor, to amendment X and the perpetual and irrevocable license, Mr. Hatch suggests that IBM seeks to rewrite the provision of that agreement. He began his presentation with respect to references to the history of the negotiations. I would respectfully submit that that description, Your Honor, was riddled with errors and inaccuracies, and I would simply point the Court to the papers and to the sworn testimony of the people who were actually involved in the discussions as to what the purpose of that licensing agreement was, and why it was IBM sought what it sought, and why it was given. Mr. Hatch focused on the language in the agreement that concerns a fully paid up royalty. That suggests that amendment X was only about fully paid up royalties. I would point the Court to the agreement, which you can read for yourself, and see that it was about a heck of a lot more than a fully paid up royalty.

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It is not IBM, Your Honor, that seeks to read anything into the agreement. On the contrary, it is SCO that seeks to read out of the agreement the words perpetual and irrevocable. The notion that IBM's license is terminable here is absolutely at odds with the idea that it has a perpetual and irrevocable license. You cannot have a license that is perpetual and irrevocable and at the same time terminable. That makes no sense, Your Honor. It would strain the simple meaning of the words perpetual and irrevocable beyond recognition.

Mr. Hatch points to an excerpt from a treatise from Professor Nimmer and suggests that somehow that is indicative of what the plain meaning of the agreement is. It is not, Your Honor. It is not parol evidence here and, in any event, as Mr. Nimmer says in his declaration, the citation is a citation that is misplaced. Whatever it is, it is not capable of altering the plain and simple language of this agreement.

Parol evidence, Your Honor. The Court need not and, indeed, should not even reach parol evidence on this motion. The language of this is clear. If you do, however, I would respectfully submit that the only parol evidence that matters is that which was communicated. That is what New York law provides, Your Honor. While Mr. Hatch referred to testimony and viewpoints of certain people from Santa Cruz, they didn't negotiate this agreement with IBM. The agreement was

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negotiated between Novell and IBM and between Novell and Santa Cruz. The Sabbath testimony to which Mr. Hatch refers was never communicated to IBM. The record does not reflect that it was.

Finally, Your Honor, with respect to notice and cure and good faith, I think the record is as set out in the papers and speaks for itself. A complaint was filed accusing IBM of the misappropriation of trade secrets. After the termination of the agreement, SCO concedes there are no trade secrets in UNIX System V. This Court in connection with one of IBM's summary judgment motions, year after the filing of this case, maybe not years, but almost two years after the filing of this case, expressed astonishment at the idea that despite the public assertions of SCO, there had been no production of evidence to support its allegations. The idea that IBM knew before the filing of the suit, which is what Mr. Hatch suggested, precisely what it is we supposedly did here, and how it is we were to cure it, simply is not supported by the record.

Summary judgment should be entered in favor of IBM, Your Honor.

Thank you.

THE COURT: Mr. Hatch, briefly.

MR. HATCH: I will keep it brief this time.

Your Honor, it is kind of interesting, and I'll make

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just a couple quick points. He is now saying that we should read out all of the Santa Cruz people. What relevance do they have? Well, if you look at the agreement, it is because they are a party and a signatory. Mr. Sabbath is a signatory for Santa Cruz right here. IBM is so desperate here that they want to say you shouldn't even listen to anything that he has to say because he is not relevant. Well, he was sure relevant to the agreement at the time they signed it.

Mr. Marriott has also thrown up, and I think he did in the contract case as well, a real red herring here. They say what SCO is trying to do is control. You can't control what we did. Well, what controls them is not SCO, it is their contractual obligations. They made a deal that said if you'll give us source code, we'll keep it confidential. If we develop something with that source code, we will keep the drive source code confidential as well. That was their choice. The contract did that, not SCO.

Now, if they have got a big picture, and Mr. Marriott is really correct that it is just the fuzzy dice on the dashboard, then take them, the fuzzy dice off the dashboard. They won't do that. They say, well, it is not material. This JFS stuff is not important, but they won't take it out. They knew, as the internal memo we gave you specifically said that, that it was the -- I can't read this note.

THE COURT: You're going to have a hard time

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commenting on it until you can read it.

MR. HATCH: The book that I gave you and this item one, the thick disclosure --

THE COURT: Right.

MR. HATCH: Mr. Marriott kind of alluded to that, and I don't know what he was talking about, but he alluded to Judge Wells striking Ivie and striking things. Striking stuff from IBM. That has never been struck. I don't know what he is talking about there.

They want to get away from all of that verbatim copying that we have shown from AIX and Linux, but that hasn't been struck and it is there and that is in the case. There are 294 disclosures that are like that that are in the case. Some are relevant to other points, I agree with that, but if there is one, just one that I showed you, that in and of itself creates enough of a fact issue for us to go forward. Dr. Ivie talked about it and it is there and it has not been stricken. IBM did not even move to have it stricken. I leave you with that.

One quick point. He brought United Linux and I forgot to address that. That is real interesting and that is really kind of almost a little too cute for this case. What he fails to tell you with United Linux, is he is saying there is a waiver argument there, but what he falls to tell you is that SCO entered into agreements with other people to build

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something on the existing Linux Kernel. In other words, they were going to put things in and then give it to the open source community. Then he said when you put it in, it was all waived. Well, he says this and his brief is very, very ambiguous on this, and so I think it is important for Your Honor to understand this, because they say it in a way that makes it sound like the stuff that SCO put in on top of that Kernel to build a new product is what we waived.

What was waived, of course, was the whole thing, but what they don't tell you is unbeknownst, and to be fair there are comments either way, but the JFS system was put into the Kernel and SCO was unaware of that. That was put in there by IBM. That is essentially saying IBM can take something in violation of the contract and plug it into a document, and if SCO does not find it out and it uses that and puts it in, that somehow it was waived something. Waiver requires knowledge and that is not here. At the very least it is hotly disputed. I think they were somewhat disingenuous on that as well.

Thank you, Your Honor.

THE COURT: Thank you.

Well, not surprisingly I will take these motions under advisement and look forward to seeing all or most of you again on Monday at 2:30.

Thank you.

We'll be in recess.

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MR. SINGER: Thank you, Your Honor.

MR. MARRIOTT: Thank you, Your Honor.

(Proceedings concluded.)

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Transcript of the March 1 Hearing in SCO v IBM | 220 comments | Create New Account
Comments belong to whoever posts them. Please notify us of inappropriate comments.
Corrections Here
Authored by: feldegast on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 12:26 PM EDT
So they can be fixed

---
IANAL
My posts are ©2004-2007 and released under the Creative Commons License
Attribution-Noncommercial 2.0
P.J. has permission for commercial use.

[ Reply to This | # ]

OT here please
Authored by: tiger99 on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 12:30 PM EDT
Comments about things relevant to the Groklaw community, but not the main article, please. And try to make clickable links if possible to substantiate any outside references. It really does make Groklaw better.

I hope that PJ is feeling much better now. Let us be nice and brighten her day....

[ Reply to This | # ]

Thanks, Chris!
Authored by: tiger99 on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 12:33 PM EDT
Once again, Chris Brown has done excellent work, and surely deserves our appreciation.

Puts certain so-called "journalists" to shame.....

[ Reply to This | # ]

"Linux 2.543"
Authored by: tiger99 on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 01:09 PM EDT
They still seem to be bringing up bogus versions of Linux. Obviously Hatch, Singer etc don't read Groklaw, because this was comprehensively demolished years ago.....

The bits of this that I have read seem to suggest, yet again, that SCO/BSF basically have nothing at all, and know that they have nothing at all, and are just prolonging what they must know is inevitable. If that is so, it shows that the case never was about what IBM had allegedly done, and belongs firmly in the category of vexatious litigation, the purpose in this case being FUD.

Basically, Singer seems to be arguing repeatedly that black is white, or vice versa. They seem to be down to one alleged fact now, and a load of waffle, and still trying to make an issue of JFS, which surely is about the least likely item in the case to succeed. The whole world, except Hatch and Singer, but probably including McBride, who must know that most of the claims are bogus, knows where JFS came from.

Judge Kimball must be getting very frustrated. His patience is commendable, but I feel that he is going to toss out almost all of the case very soon now. He is merely waiting for the opportunity to serve the best interests of justice by doing it in a manner which will leave no grounds for appeal.

[ Reply to This | # ]

  • "Linux 2.543" - Authored by: penfold on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 04:09 PM EDT
    • "Linux 2.543" - Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 01:44 AM EDT
  • "Linux 2.543" - Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 08:52 AM EDT
Welcome Back, PJ!
Authored by: Maple Syrup on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 01:29 PM EDT
Let me just be the first to welcome you back, wish you well, and hope that the
Nastys are well and truly behind you.

[ Reply to This | # ]

UNIX AT&T crown jewel or disowned child?
Authored by: Chris Lingard on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 01:41 PM EDT

SCO continue to churn out ridiculous statements. For example

Stuart Singer for SCO

The UNIX operating system developed by AT&T was its crown jewel. It is the operating system of choice for mission critical application, and it became in the 1990s the leading operating system worldwide. Now, major computer companies like IBM wanted to adopt that system for their own hardware. They had a choice. They could come up with their own operating system. In fact, IBM tried. It is called OS2. It failed. IBM, like others, struck a deal with AT&T. Give us access to your source code so that we can develop our own flavor of UNIX that will run better on our hardware.

UNIX was an embarrassment to AT&T and was transferred to USL, and sold off as quickly as possible. AT&R were a huge telephone monopoly, already under an investigation that would cause their breakup. The sad part is that they were one of the most benevolent monopolies, allowing their staff to invent things like the transistor, UNIX and many more. The research labs of AT&T were among the best ever known.

The last thing that AT&T wanted was to establish a further monopoly in computer systems. Besides, they were a telephone company, they had huge investments in cables, and the switches. Computer systems were not their thing.

[ Reply to This | # ]

OS/2 came out in 1987 I believe but JFS was much later
Authored by: dwandre on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 02:16 PM EDT
I went to a pre-release workshop in 1987 and put on customer marketing seminars
in 1988 and later. The target markets for AIX and OS/2 were completely
different though. JFS was a much later addition to OS/2, mid-1990s or so; OS/2
had not been successful in the desktop market battle but was used in some
particular server applications like banking where journaling was important. So
the timelines for early OS/2 and AIX development are not as far apart as PJ
indicates but I don't know about the JFS timelines.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Single disputed fact?
Authored by: arch_dude on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 03:18 PM EDT
Hi, PJ, thanks! Go back to bed.

TSG needs more than a single disputed fact, unless the single fact is a
"magic bullet" fact that is required for each line of reasoning in
each of IBM's PSJ motions.

To prevail on a PSJ, IBM, must convince the judge that at least one of the
separate arguments is true, not that all of the arguments are true. Therefore,
TSG must show for each line of argument that IBM's argument depends on at least
one fact that is in dispute. With five(?) lines of argument in one PSJ and
three(?) in the other, TSG must raise eight convincing disputes of fact.

Note that for each dispute, the dispute must also be relevant. For example, a
dispute raised in parol evidence will not be relevant if the judge precludes
parol evidence as a matter of New York contract law.

So can we identify TSGs attempts to raise a separate dispute for each line of
argument and evaluate them separately?

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCO isn't confused; it's just lying
Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 03:30 PM EDT

I guess PJ is just being diplomatic about SCO or any of its lawyers being
confused or not understanding this, that. or the other.

SCO and its lawyers know what the GPL says and how it operates.

SCO and its lawyers know who the successors in interest are, which company
(Caldera or Tarantella) did what, and when.

SCO and its lawyers know JFS has nothing to do with Unix SVRx.

Pick your own favorite not on this short list.

Well, here in the U.S., we don't call it lying to the court. It's just advocacy.
No big deal. Just another day at the office.

But we really should put to rest the idea that SCO is honestly mistaken about
anything. They are deliberate lies.

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCO need more than 1 disputed fact
Authored by: gvc on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 05:07 PM EDT
The "1 disputed fact" characterization is misleading. SCO need a
complete logical and legal argument that proves their case, modulo disputed
facts.

If their arguments are fallacious or depend on any single claim that is false,
they fail in summary judgement.

For example, if their argument is:

"there is life on mars"
"therefore, IBM is guilty"

just raising debate about life on mars won't save them. Because the conclusion
doesn't follow from the disputed facts. Another example is:

"man has walked on the moon"
"the moon is a planet"
"man has walked on two planets"

One can argue til one is blue in the face as to whether NASA sent men to the
moon. Disputing that fact has no bearing on the truth of the conclusion,
because the conclusion relies on a falsehood about which there is no debate.

So it is irrelevant if SCO's kicking sand in our eyes obscures some details.
Only if there is a chain of logic, coupled with at least some competent evidence
for *every* proposition in the chain of reasoning, does SCO prevail.

That's *every* fact, not *one* fact.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Time runs backward!!!
Authored by: JamesK on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 05:25 PM EDT
"But from the Comes v. Microsoft exhibits, we've learned that OS/2 was in
development in 1990, and the IBM/AT&T agreement was signed years before
that, in 1985, so Mr. Singer has it backwards."

I've finally found out how the SCO claims can finally make sense. It would
appear that time runs backwards in the SCO alternate universe! There you have
it folks. Remember, you heard it here first!!! ;-)


---
DRM 'manages access' in the same way that jail 'manages freedom.'

[ Reply to This | # ]

OS/2 timeline
Authored by: PolR on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 05:43 PM EDT
from the Wikipedia on OS/2
The development of OS/2 began when IBM and Microsoft signed the Joint Development Agreement in August 1985. However, it took two years for the first product to be delivered.

OS/2 1.0 was announced in April 1987 and released in December as a text mode-only OS.

Not quite the dates PJ deduces from the Comes paper, but this timeline still does not support SCO's theory of OS/2 vs UNIX at IBM.

[ Reply to This | # ]

tSCOg - example of them rewriting history
Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 05:47 PM EDT
"The UNIX operating system developed by AT&T was its crown jewel. It is the operating system of choice for mission critical application, and it became in the 1990s the leading operating system worldwide. Now, major computer companies like IBM wanted to adopt that system for their own hardware. They had a choice. They could come up with their own operating system. In fact, IBM tried. It is called OS2. It failed. IBM, like others, struck a deal with AT&T. Give us access to your source code so that we can develop our own flavor of UNIX that will run better on our hardware."

IIRC, IBM did not specifically say 'give us access to Unix source code', IBM did what all other companies did & obtained the only available UNIX offering based on how AT&T chose to license it, And, IBM only did so because AT&T emphatically stated they hd no intent on interfering with how each licensor developed their variant of Unix. tSCOg are warping history and the intentions of the parties. Whats more tSCOg weren't even around when the deals were done !!!, how can this lawyer stand up in court & claim such an intimate understanding of the early Unix AT&T deals ? DSM

[ Reply to This | # ]

From this layperson's view, ?Mr. Singer made an important argument in favor of IBM
Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 05:48 PM EDT
What they could not do is exactly what IBM has done here, give away that head start by open sourcing of derivative technology that they would never have had if it weren't for access in the first place to System V, and to allow a jump-start to Linux, which has had a tremendous effect on SCO's business.
The previous SCO argument seemed to be merely that IBM could not open source any code in AIX because of contract language. This specifically refers to "derivative technology" that had its roots in SysV. Doesn't that bring us back to the requirement to link code contributed by IBM to Linux to code in UNIX SysV as IBM requested?

[ Reply to This | # ]

Welcome back, PJ. And, by the way. . .
Authored by: tyche on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 08:19 PM EDT
PJ said:
"And if SCO ever wants to donate money to Groklaw, hey, why not? Joke,
joke."

But, PJ, that would make you a shill of TSCOG as well as IBM. At least in
TSCOG's eyes. (Joke, joke yourself <grin>).

I'm glad to see you back, and in excellent analytical form. I'm also glad to
see that you are pacing yourself and not trying to do too much too soon.

Welcome back.

Craig
Tyche

---
"The Truth shall Make Ye Fret"
"TRUTH", Terry Pratchett

[ Reply to This | # ]

Method and Concepts
Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 09:21 PM EDT
"The licensee was obligated to keep all parts of those modifications and
derivative works confidential, including the
methods and concepts embodied in those modification and derivative works, just
as the licensee was required to keep all parts of the UNIX software product
confidential."

I believe that there are no method and concept in the wording of the agreement.
What about some university which acquire the lisence of those code ?. They (the
university) may use those code (at least method and concepts) for the teaching
material, right ?. Even some of SCO expert have written unix's "method and
concepts" book.

[ Reply to This | # ]

SCO's lawyers have no clue
Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 09:38 PM EDT
Mr Hatch: Mr. Marriott kind of alluded to that, and I don't know what he was talking about, but he alluded to Judge Wells striking Ivie and striking things. Striking stuff from IBM. That has never been struck. I don't know what he is talking about there. They want to get away from all of that verbatim copying that we have shown from AIX and Linux, but that hasn't been struck and it is there and that is in the case. There are 294 disclosures that are like that that are in the case...
Is it possible that SCO's lawyers have no clue that most of the 294 items have been struck out? It beggars belief.

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Timing?
Authored by: Observer on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 09:42 PM EDT
Has anyone else here ever been involved in a Toastmasters public speaking program? They always time speeches when they give them, for much the same reason. It's an important skill to learn, if you are going to do any public speaking, and this is just one very good example of why.

---
The Observer

[ Reply to This | # ]

  • Timing? - Authored by: aha on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 10:47 PM EDT
Transcript of the March 1 Hearing in SCO v IBM
Authored by: Anonymous on Sunday, March 11 2007 @ 11:49 PM EDT
I've made a similar observation before, but this is so rich. ;-)

This was the fear of much of the mid range server market in the late 80's up to
at least the early 90's. Everyone in DEC, HP, Apollo, SGI, etc. was living in
some kind of fear about AT&T, NCR, originalSCO, etc... (as the IP changed
hands over time) suing anyone who had ever even seen the SysV kernel code over
the derivative thing. They (none of the holders prior to Darling) never did to
my knowledge, and it is so fitting that this would finally come to court given
the slimy disingenuous nature of SCOG and it's behavior in this action. They
want to rewrite history and it's not going well.

So sorry.... not! Looking forward to having one share of SCOG stock to use as
target practice once they are dead and gone. It would be worth the 2-3 dollars
to frame on the industry hall of shame (maybe we could even submit it to the
computer museum in Boston as a momento) in a couple of years when nothing is
left except ashes. I don't know if they have a hall of shame, but this is a
great reason to start one.

[ Reply to This | # ]

Has Anybody Subtracted Out the BSD code?
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 12:16 AM EDT
IBM isn't contractually responsible for keeping secret any code that has been released by others... This would include anything that's in BSD... (including the BSD code that was later retracted as a result of the AT&T/BSD suit.

IBM would also not be contractually obligated to preserve any of the "Negative Knowhow™" that SCO claims is captured by their viral contract claims (presuming that you accept their story about the contract) if that "Negative Knowhow was included in the BSD releases.

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SCO Apparently intends to imply collection derivative
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 04:15 AM EDT
(IANAL)

Without actually stating it, SCO's case seems to turn on the asssumption that including something in a collection makes it a derivative of the other items in the collection. Unfortunately for them, copyright law actually addresses issues regarding collections of works (I forget if "collection" is the term used, however). Essentially, as I understand it, yes, a collection can have it's own copyright independent of its constituent elements, for layout, arrangement, and other things. Two important things, tho:

1) The constituent elements retain their own copyright, umblemished, and are obviously not derivative of the collection, and
2) Even more obviously, the constituent elements do not magically become derivatives of each other.
SCO seems to be arguing the following:
AIX (Collection of independently licensed works)
  • Some SVRX Code
  • Some JFS Code
  • Some RCU Code
  • A bazillion other independently licensed things

And now, magically, JFS is a derivative of SVRX code. IBM's counsel points out repeatedly that there is no SVRX code, methods, concepts, or *anything* in JFS. SCO's counsel just ignores this and keeps blathering on that JFS is a part of AIX, AIX contains SVRX code, therefore JFS is "obviously" a derived work. That JFS couldn't exist without all that help from the SVRX "head start."

I'm 99% certain that all supposed contradictions in testimony will boil down to SCO ignoring the subtle differences in the questions asked. I believe it will be something like this:

IBM Counsel: So let me get this straight. IBM's own code, with no SVRX code, methods or concepts, written without reference to SVRX, and later bundled alongside SVRX code, IBM could do whatever they wanted with, right?

Deponent A: That is correct. We were only interested in things that actually include or modify the SVRX code.
SCO Version:
SCO Counsel: So, let me get this straight. If somebody creates a derivative of SVRX, they can't start running around disclosing SVRX just because it's now some derivative, right?

Deponent A: That is correct. It was intended that licensees keep SVRX secret even if they modified it.

And now both sides point out how Deponent A supports their version of the case. Instead of their actually being a contradiction, SCO is simply begging the question. If IBM took say the SVRX kernal's schedular, slightly modified it for AIX, and got that into Linux (possibly with a few futher alterations), then the actual owner of the rights SCO purports might have a legit beef. "Might" being the key word. All the other arguments about estopel and waiver sound pretty convincing to me.

I mean, SCO's counsel has the audacity to argue about how important JFS was, how much the Linux community wanted it (in regard to the material breach part), and then argues that as a Linux company, they didn't know it was in Linux when they joined UL. Um hello?

SCO seems to be arguing that in buying out Santa Cruz, they don't have make good on Caldera's agreements. I don't remember the timeline wrt to the buyout vs UL agreements, so I don't know exactly how stupid these arguments are. However, I am quite certain I cannot license you something I have no standing to license, then purchase the rights to that thing, and then turn around and sue you on the grounds that I had no right to license that thing to you in the first place and that therefore you have had no license all this time.

Imagine if SCO actually said that. "Uhm, yeah, it turns out that as Caldera we were licensing all this stuff under GPL and giving to UnitedLinux stuff that turns out to have belonged to Santa Cruz all along and nobody knew! Obviously, Caldera had no standing to do that, since Santa Cruz owned the rights at the time, and so all those Caldera actions obviously have no legal standing--all hot air! But now we are SCO and it's a whole new world!"

Ugh. This whole thing reeks. I'd love to see somebody stitch together some excerpts from SCO counsel arguing that SCO was stupid, incopetent, ignorant, etc. But that same thing would be depressing.

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  • SCO theory - Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 02:45 PM EDT
Quotes that caught my eye
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 04:53 AM EDT
Mr Singer:

They required that those modified and derivative works be treated just like the
original software code in language that is as plain as can be in the relative
agreements that are enforceable today. That is why we are here.

you're talking about terms that are not clearly defined, like what does someone
mean when they say an original IBM work? What do they mean when they say, as you
heard on the screen, that it was developed without relying on System V?

In addition, we have admissions, such as an IBM programmer, who said, and this
is also at tab 50, that the System V file system is where this stuff, referring
to JFS, where this originated. It couldn't be more black and white than that.

Mr. Davidson's declaration is also further support of the fact that JFS is not
some system that just was dropped into AIX and had no relationship to System V
and now they are seeking protection over it. It itself was derived from System
V.

There are only two derivative works at issue, AIX and DYNIX. IBM can use that
technology to market product, and they can come up with their own independent
operating system, and their employees are not restricted in their work, they
simply can't open source the result of that work if it is based on System V.

No other company that we're aware of has done what IBM had tried to do, even
though there have been many licensees. None of them have come in here and open
sourced their source code


At that time period, up to May of 2001, these copyrights and contracts were
owned by Santa Cruz which was not in the Linux business. Caldera, which was in
the Linux business, did not own them. Caldera acquired them afterwards, after
they had already made this decision and gone forward.




Mr Marriott:

If what you take out is not a derivative work, Your Honor, then it is not
subject to the provisions of 2.01 of the agreement. 2.01, if it means anything,
Your Honor, it relates to precise terms, resulting materials. The things which
IBM has alleged to have taken out, that are not modifications or derivative
works or resulting material,



Mr Singer:

those systems as a whole are derivative of and they would not exist but for
System V.



Mr Marriott:

The undisputed evidence demonstrates that there is no UNIX System V method, code
or concept in that JFS contribution, and that it was created independent of UNIX
System V,

SCO's product -- SCO's Linux IV included the JFS contribution. The JFS
contribution was not on the list of exclusions and, in fact, Your Honor, the JDC
itself specifically refers to JFS as a part of the joint development product.
And then SCO in its product announcement for its United Linux product touted the
product as including the JFS contribution. Any claim to the JFS contribution,
Your Honor, is gone pursuant to SCO's assignment of rights under the United
Linux agreement.


there is no trade secret in UNIX System V. And yet the contribution of IBM's own
original work could go to the root of an agreement that was about protecting not
IBM's original works, but the UNIX System V software?




Mr Hatch:

(mis-attributed to Singer it seems) here were identified to be 62 C files in
JFS. You'll see that the top 30 came from AT&T. How do we know that? Well,
the comments, I believe it is from CMVC that the programmers wrote, they state
the origin. The origin says origin three. All 30 of these, almost half of our
entire JFS originated from AT&T.

On the third page of this, it says we, IBM, would like to make JFS available to
the open source community for several reasons. I have highlighted the number one
reason, a lack of a journal file system on the Linux platform was chosen as the
number one deficiency by the Linux community. That does not sound immaterial to
me. It sounds a lot more than fuzzy dice.

the JFS system was put into the Kernel and SCO was unaware of that. That was put
in there by IBM. That is essentially saying IBM can take something in violation
of the contract and plug it into a document, and if SCO does not find it out and
it uses that and puts it in, that somehow it was waived something. Waiver
requires knowledge and that is not here.

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One word: BSD
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 06:49 AM EDT

SCO's arguments ignore the fact of the AT&T/BSD settlement. They'd be weak arguments even in an alternate universe in which the AT&T/BSD case never happened. But in the universe we live in, I don't understand why they need to be considered for more than about 2 seconds. The methods and concepts of Unix are in BSD, and AT&T (and its successors) have no rights in BSD.

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Longevity of OS/2
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 12:46 PM EDT
I have here on my bookshelf an OS/2 Warp Connect v3 kit bearing a copyright date
of 1995. So it's been sold at least that long. There was a v4 some time later.
In fact the very first hit for "OS/2" on IBM's site turns up a
reference to "the OS/2 strategy for 2003". Apparently Warp v4 was
sold until 23-Dec-2005.

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our readers who are blind
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 01:21 PM EDT
Please use the term "visually impaired".

There are other individuals who are not blind but are visually impaired to some
degree and may still require the use of screen reader software.

Sure, most blind people aren't offended by the term blind, but you are excluding
a whole section of society if you make the aassumption that only blind people
need to use a screen reader.

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Regarding the origins of JFS, and IBM's OSs
Authored by: jimf on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 02:27 PM EDT
The statement that JFS came from OS/2 is in one sense accurate and in another sense misleading. Certainly the pedigree of the JFS variant IBM put into Linux is derived directly from the OS/2 version. But the first version of JFS was not in OS/2, it was in the POWER version of AIX. I was using it in 1990, significantly in advance of its availability in OS/2 (the wikipedia article on the subject claims that work didn't even start on the OS/2 version until 1995).

It's my understanding, and the wikipedia article would seem to confirm it, that the OS/2 version is a complete rewrite, not derived from the AIX code. But in at least this one case you can see how SCO might originally have thought it came through AIX, even though they should have given up on that claim long ago.

Regarding IBM licensing UNIX because it was unable to make its own OS, the success or failure of OS/2 is not really even interesting. IBM already had multiple successful operating systems in the field by 1985, including (but not even close to limited to) MVS and System/3x. Since then they produced OS/2, which certainly worked and had reasonable markets even if it wasn't a home-run success, and the AS/400 was in fact a home-run success. By any measure they certainly didn't *need* UNIX. Why exactly they *wanted* it is perhaps debatable.

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Weaselese: twisting the language
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 03:09 PM EDT
A couple of SCO quotes that stood out to me...

"We are not charged with anticipating everything they might draw from all
of the factual material." The only parsing of this I can make work
translates to: "Your honor, we had no idea they would rebut us with facts!
Our inability to counter the facts should not be held against us!"

"I think we need to know more than look at the plain language of the
agreement." This appears to boil down to: "Even though the contract
plainly says that your honor, we really need you to throw us a bone!".

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SCO's Rebuttal Declarations
Authored by: GLJason on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 03:11 PM EDT
SCO doesn't ask the questions that IBM would. If you read most of them (I've seen a couple I think), they simply ask if the licensee was to keep all of the modifications or derivative works secret. However, the things that IBM contributed to Linux were not modifications or derivative works of Unix System V. I'd bet a lot that if asked IBM's questions, they would agree with IBM. The greatest argument is this one framed by IBM:
IBM licenses proprietary code from Company A for use in AIX. Years later, Company A proceeds to license the software under the GPL, and it gets included in Linux. Under SCO's interpretation of the contract, IBM could not use Linux because of their existing license with AT&T, even though EVERYONE else could. Nothing in the contract comes close to saying IBM will give up all those rights.

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IBM's missing a detail
Authored by: GLJason on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 03:37 PM EDT

SCO argues that because "modifications or derivative works" have to be treated as the licensed software product, that IBM must keep those modifications secret. That clause is actually more broad and applying it to the entire contract leads to absolutely absurd results.

The contract was not solely about keeping trade secrets (which SCO admits are now non-existent), it was really about licensing UNIX for use on certain processors. IBM originally had to keep track of each CPU that the software was running on and pay licensing fees for each one. With SCO's theory of the case, the entire contract would apply to all "resulting materials". That means that since OS/2 contained JFS, IBM would have to keep track of every cpu that ran OS/2 and pay AT&T licensing fees (until they bought out their royalties in 1996). Combine that with IBM's existing arguments that even if JFS originated in OS/2 and was ported to AIX, then taken out of AIX, it would still be protected.

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The quantity equals quality argument.
Authored by: Jaywalk on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 03:42 PM EDT
I would like to address at the outset why a trial is needed, and why this is not a matter for summary judgment. One might think that that is obvious just from IBM's presentation. ... There are hundreds of pages of briefs, reply papers and addendum that are longer, I think, than War and Peace. 40,000 pages of exhibits. We counted 100 plus new cases just cited in their reply brief. That does not sound like a summary judgment case to us, Your Honor.
Well, golly, Your Honor. If we talked that much we must have said something that made sense.

If this argument were to be accepted all summary judgements could be avoided by filibuster, a huge boon to the practice of barratry.

SCO's real problem is that the mass of facts and law against it have grown so large that it's even muffling the sound when they pound on the table.

---
===== Murphy's Law is recursive. =====

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Hatch isn't paying attention.
Authored by: Jaywalk on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 04:00 PM EDT
Marriott: The agreement was negotiated between Novell and IBM and between Novell and Santa Cruz. The Sabbath testimony to which Mr. Hatch refers was never communicated to IBM. ...
Hatch: He is now saying that we should read out all of the Santa Cruz people. What relevance do they have? Well, if you look at the agreement, it is because they are a party and a signatory. .... Well, he was sure relevant to the agreement at the time they signed it.
Nothing Hatch is saying addresses the problem. Sabbath was a signatory of the agreement between Novell and Santa Cruz, not between Novell and IBM. His interpretation of any contracts with IBM is completely irrelevant. It sounds like Hatch was so busy prepping for the Novell case that he forgot which case he was working on.

---
===== Murphy's Law is recursive. =====

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  • Good catch - Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 05:07 PM EDT
Transcript of the March 1 Hearing in SCO v IBM
Authored by: Anonymous on Monday, March 12 2007 @ 06:12 PM EDT
<i>These are not dice hanging down on the dashboard</i>

Well, of course not. DIce hang down from the rear-view mirror.

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Transcript of the March 1 Hearing in SCO v IBM
Authored by: webster on Tuesday, March 13 2007 @ 01:23 AM EDT
..
.
Some Comments

1. Marriott goes first and outlines what he is going to say. He organizes
around a book with tabs to make it as easy as possible for the Judge to follow.
He then starts out by stressing that the four technologies that are the subjec
of SCO claims are original IBM work and not derived in any way. p. 5

2. Marriott explains SCO's derivative theory and then shoots it down. It is
unreasonable and everyone involved interprets it a different way. He plays
clips of those involved including Wilson, the head of AT&T licensing.

3. He explains that there is no breach due to no SCO code. There is no breach
due to SCO's erroneous interpretation. But even if you accept SCO's
interpretation, they still didn't prove any breach. Plus they are estopped by
two decades of reassurance from representatives that IBM and other licensees can
do what they want with their own code. p. 15. He reassures the court that
estoppel can be a ground for summary judgment.

4. He then says SCO waived any breaches. The estoppel is also a waiver. Also
Novell waived the breach. And SCO itself waived any breach by its conduct.
That conduct was shipping the 4 code products in United Linux under the GPL. p.
22. This follows their briefs. With the tab book and the DVD they have made it
so the Judge can take this to his home theater and absorb it. They seek to
persuade him of all when he need only find any.

5. Singer tells a story. He does not address what Marriott said. He counts
pages, refers to War and Piece [sick!] and then says this must not be SJ
material. His experts declare that IBM contributions turned Linux into a
"strong enterprise system." p 29. The generalities are
underwhelming, e.g. "the strength of AIX and PTX which is DYNIX, into Linux
as their proposed UNIX strategy." p. 30. He then does address the
declarations of Wilson, Kirstenberg, Chatlos and Bouffard and seeks to discredit
their IBM position to the extent that the contract interpretation should go to
the jury. He argues Section 2.01 at length and suggests that he has 20 more
witnesses who are involved with AT&T, Novel and Santa Cruz. Let the jury
hear them and decide. Here the Judge checks tabs with him. p. 40.

6. He disputes that estoppel is a matter for SJ. There is the integration
clause that says the agreement can only be changed in writing. He also disputes
that the library of books which are copyrighted disclose any of their code or
secrets. Let the jury decide. There are no third-party disclosures that get
them off the hook. (How could the books specify if SCO has not specified?)

7. He argues and denies the Novell waiver but concludes that it will be
determined in the Novell trial. p. 49. He concludes by noting that IBM raised
new arguments in Reply which should be ignored as improper.

8. Marriott responds to the Section 2.01 arguments by noting that it does not
apply to the code in question. It is not "resulting materials." He
then illustrates from the chart SCO's supposed discrepencies of Wilson's
testimony. He quotes it and shows how it agrees with IBM and is not a
descrepancy. He pans all SCO quotes as from the uninvolved and nothing that
should prevent SJ. He uses uses the car and its parts example to show how SCO
ownership of a chassis would absurdly spread to the whole car. p. 54.

9. On estoppel Marriott points out that witnesses that don't know the matter
don't refute those that do. The books of UNIX methods still disclose the
methods even if they are copyrighted. Singer just skimmed over that. Novell's
waiver power does not make a mockery of the agreement since they retained 95% of
the license revenue. Singer didn't refer to SCO's United Linux distribution
under the GPL. We did in our papers. "It precludes SCO's claims
here." p. 55.

10. Then some marvelous 'touche' bits. That which Singer says is improperly
new in IBM's Reply brief was in the opening statement of facts. Indeed SCO's
Binder has materials attempting to refute these materials. Singer skirts that
which would preclude him. The patent disclosures on RCU knock them out by the
statute of limitations. He says nothing about SCO's Linux Technology Project
other than the experts dealt with it. Marriott notes that Judge Wells dealt
with the experts by striking the materials Singer was relying on.
"Touche.' The precious LTP email was about the wrong LTP, not the SCO LTP.


11. Singer's last shot. He is just presumptive to start. Take out System V
Code and see what happens. He mentions the contract clauses. Nothing new or
dramatic.

12. The Judge did not intrude much. He listened. He had other work with a
jury deliberating this day. He had to give them their rights and try and see
whose facts were realistic. Given all that the judge knows about the Novell
case and Judge Wells discovery battle rulings, and the number of knock-out
issues pending, IBM has a better than usual chance even with an extremely
cautious judge.

---
webster

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